Distillery effluent as a liquid fertilizer: a win-win option for sustainable agriculture (Environmental Technology (United Kingdom))
(Kanchan Kumari
,37 (3). ,,381-7, Year: 2016)
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A promising approach to recycle the residual distillery waste as a potential liquid fertilizer has been discussed in this paper. Field studies were conducted on Brassica compestris to assess the potential of the diluted post- methanated distillery effluent. The results indicated that there was not much variation in pH, conductivity and nitrate of soil, whereas total dissolved solids, conductivity, nitrate and chemical oxygen demand of the well water increased slightly but well within the permissible limit. However, there was a significant increase in the plant biomass, diameter of the shoot and root, area of leaf, as well as number and length of pods and root hairs. The hydrophilic colloids of the seed increased significantly (p < .01) and the yield of mustard seeds was increased by 30% as compared to the conventional fertilizer. The carbohydrate, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content of the leaf, stem and root were also analysed and its morpho- physiological significance is also presented in this paper.
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Biodiversity promotion in restored mine land through plant-animal interaction (Journal of Ecosystem and ecography)
(Juwarkar A.A., Singh L, Kumar GP, Jambhulkar HP, Kanfade H & Jha AK,Vol. 6,issue 1, ,p. 1-10, Year: 2016)
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Ecological integrity includes enriched biodiversity, flourishing plant-animal interaction, and dynamic nutrient cycling. The present study examines the ecosystem structure and function of a newly developed ecosystem at a 24 year-old of restoration efforts in manganese mine area, Gumgaon, India. This study was initiated in the year 1988 through microbe assisted green technology (MAGT), which included application of top soil, site specific plantation, organic amendments and addition of soil microbes. The physico-chemical and biological properties of the reclaimed soil were gradually improved during the restoration programme with reference to soil pH, EC, bulk density, porosity, N, P, K, organic carbon, soil microbes, etc. Herbs occupied major ground cover with maximum density, followed by shrubs, trees and climbers. Regeneration capacity of the vegetation also followed the same pattern. An attempt was also made to analyse pollinator web with plant-pollinator interaction, influence of floral distribution on the composition of pollinator communities. The results of the study may help in understanding the linkage between plant and pollinator communities in eco-restoration programme. Four different groups of litter decomposing organisms, viz. microflora (bacteria, fungi, VAM), mircofauna (Nematoda), mesofauna (Protura, Enchytraeidae, Acari, Collembola) and macrofauna (Diplura, Isopoda, Isoptera, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Coleoptera, Earthworms) have been studied. The present study clearly illustrates the sequence of various successional stages of ecosystem development from hostile ecological conditions of mine spoil to fully developed ecosystem and the study demonstrated how a barren land could be converted into a flourishing carbon sink.
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Advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and phorate in aqueous solution (Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination)
(Kavita Gandhi, Summaiya Lari, Dhananjay Tripathi and Gajanan Kanade,6 1 ,,195-203, Year: 2016)
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Photo-chemical-transformations of organophosphate pesticides, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and phorate, using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) namely UV photolysis, UV/H2O2, UV/Fenton and Fenton systems in aqueous solution were investigated in this work. A laboratory set-up was designed to evaluate and select the optimal oxidation process. Results show that addition of hydrogen peroxide/Fenton's reagent increased the UV degradation rates of all pesticides, and data were simulated through kinetic modeling. Kinetic results evidence pseudo first-order degradation, with the rate constant of reaction as 3.3 × 10-4, 2.07 × 10-2 and 1.88 × 10-2 for chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and phorate, respectively. Furthermore treatment efficiencies obtained for the studied AOPs indicate that UV/Fenton was most efficient for chlorpyrifos (50.3% degradation) and UV/H2O2 for dimethoate (96.9%) and phorate (89.6%). Finally, the identification of degradation products indicated that the UV/H2O2 technique results in the formation of fewer end products, with low toxicity. However, UV irradiation of phorate results in information of more toxic degradation end products such as phorateoxonsulfone.
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Chemical characterization of simulated landfill soil leachates from Nigeria and India and their cytotoxicity and DNA damage inductions on three human cell lines (Chemosphere)
(Alimba CG, Gandhi D, Sivanesan S, Bhanarkar MD, Naoghare PK, Bakare AA, Krishnamurthi K.,164,,469-479, Year: 2016)
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Landfill soils are sources of emerging carcinogens, teratogens and mutagens in the environment. There is inadequate information on its possible health risk and cytogenotoxicity. This study evaluated chemical characterization of four simulated landfill leachates with their cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human cells. Hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), lymphoma (Jurkat) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, incubated with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of Aba Eku (AEL), Olusosun (OSL), Awotan (AWL) and Nagpur (NPL) simulated leachates for 24 h, were assessed for cell viability using MTT assay and morphological alterations. DNA damage was also assessed after 24 h treatment of cells with sub-lethal concentrations of the leachates using comet assay. Metals and organic compounds in the soil leachates were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) respectively. The leachates induced significant cytotoxicity in the treated cells with evidence of apoptosis; shrunken morphologies, detachment from the substratum and cytoplasmic vacuolations. Similarly, there was significant DNA damage induced in the treated cells, with increased Olive tail moment, tail length and % tail DNA. Jurkat was the most sensitive (Jurkat > HepG2 > HOS) to the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the leachates. All the analyzed metals except Cd, Fe, Zn and Mn were found at levels lower than standard allowable limits. 32, 17, 23 and 23 different PAHs and PCBs were detected in AEL, AWL, OSL and NPL respectively, at varying retention peak times. These toxic constituents induced the observed cytogenotoxicity in the cells and may suggest possible public health risk.
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Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in Manganese Induced Neurotoxicity (Biomed. Res. International)
(Prashant Tarale, Tapan Chakrabarti, Saravanadevi Sivanesan, Pravin Naoghare, Amit Bafana, and Kannan Krishnamurthi,,,, Year: 2016)
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Manganese is a vital nutrient and is maintained at an optimal level (2.5–5 mg/day) in human body. Chronic exposure to manganese is associated with neurotoxicity and correlated with the development of various neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death has been well established mechanism in manganese induced toxicity. Oxidative stress has a potential to alter the epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation. Epigenetic insight of manganese neurotoxicity in context of its correlation with the development of parkinsonism is poorly understood. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the -synuclein aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies in neuronal cells. Recent findings illustrate that manganese can cause overexpression of -synuclein. -Synuclein acts epigenetically via interaction with histone proteins in regulating apoptosis. -Synuclein also causes global DNA hypomethylation through sequestration of DNA methyltransferase in cytoplasm. An individual genetic difference may also have an influence on epigenetic susceptibility to manganese neurotoxicity and the development of Parkinson’s disease. This review presents the current state of findings in relation to role of epigenetic mechanism in manganese induced neurotoxicity, with a special emphasis on the development of Parkinson’s disease.
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Integrative genomic and proteomic profiling of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells reveals signatures of endosulfan exposure (Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology)
(Deepa Gandhi, Prashant Tarale, Pravin K Naoghare, Amit Bafana, Krishnamurthi Kannan, Saravanadevi Sivanesan,41,,187-194, Year: 2016)
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Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is known to induce multiple disorders/abnormalities including neuro-degenerative disorders in many animal species. However, the molecular mechanism of endosulfan induced neuronal alterations is still not well understood. In the present study, the effect of sub-lethal concentration of endosulfan (3 μM) on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) was investigated using genomic and proteomic approaches. Microarray and 2D-PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed differential expression of 831 transcripts and 16 proteins in exposed cells. A gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes and proteins were involved in variety of cellular events such as neuronal developmental pathway, immune response, cell differentiation, apoptosis, transmission of nerve impulse, axonogenesis, etc. The present study attempted to explore the possible molecular mechanism of endosulfan induced neuronal alterations in SH-SY5Y cells using an integrated genomic and proteomic approach. Based on the gene and protein profile possible mechanisms underlying endosulfan neurotoxicity were predicted.
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Design and development of indoor device for recycling of domestic vegetable scrap (Environmental Technology)
(Harshita, J., Krupanidhi, S., Kumar, S.,&Wong, J.W.C.,37,,326-334, Year: 2016)
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No information is available
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Characterization of municipal solid waste in high-altitude sub-tropical regions (Environmental Technology)
(Kumar, S., Dhar, H., Nair, V.V., Bhattacharyya, J.K., Vaidya, A.N., &Akolkar, A.B.,37,,2627-2637, Year: 2016)
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Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the most challenging issues owing to lack of authentic data on different elements of SWM, namely, storage, collection, transportation, separation, processing and disposal. This study presents an assessment of existing status of SWM in conjunction with municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rates, physical and chemical characterization of MSW in high-altitude sub-tropical regions. Weighing of empty and fully loaded trucks per trip revealed total quantity of MSW collected. The average efficiency of MSW collection was 70%. From the baseline data, it is inferred that the population and MSW generation rates are not co-related. The collected MSW included biodegradables (organic wastes), paper, plastic, glass, ceramics, metals, inert materials, ash and debris. The data analysis indicated that the biodegradable components dominate the characterization at 54.83% followed by inert, ash and debris at 21.06%, paper at 8.77%, plastic at 8.18%, glass and ceramics at 4.45% and metals at 2.71%. Statistical measures were also applied and 90% confidence interval (CI) was generated for the characterization data measuring its statistical significance.
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Effect of calcium chloride on abating inhibition due to volatile fatty acids during the start-up period in anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste (Environmental Technology)
(Kumar, S. Das, A., Srinivas, G.L.K., Dhar, H., Ojha, V.K., &Wong, J.W.C.,37,,1501-1509, Year: 2016)
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No information is available
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Artificial neural network based Biomethan to evaluate methane yield from biogas in a laboratory-scale anaerobic bioreactor (Bioresource Technology)
(Nair, V.V., Dhar, H., Kumar, S.,Thalla, A.K., Mukherjee, S.N., & Wong, J.W.C.,217, ,,90-99, Year: 2016)
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No information is available
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Effect of organic loading rate during anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste. (Bioresource Technology)
(Dhar, H., Kumar, P., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, S.N., &Vaidya, A.N.,217, ,,56-71, Year: 2016)
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No information is available
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Specific model for the estimation of methane emission form municipal solid waste landfills in India (Bioresource Technology)
(Kumar, S., Nimchuk, N., Kumar, R., Zeitsman, J., Tara, R., Spiegelman, C., & Kenney, M.,216, ,,981-987, Year: 2016)
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No information is available
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Enhanced performances of the aerobic landfill reactor by augmentation of manganese peroxidise (Bioresource Technology)
(Bartholameuz, E.M., Hettiaratchi, J.P.A., &Kumar, S.,,218, ,,46-52, Year: 2016)
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The aim of the work discussed in this article was to determine the ability of an MnP augmented aerobic waste cell to reach stable conditions rapidly in terms of gas production, nutrient content and cellulose and hemicellulose to lignin ratio (C + H/L). Two types of experiments were conducted; small batch and laboratory scale lysimeter experiments. Results from batch experiments showed that enzyme added treatments have the capability to reach a stable C + H/L and lower gas production rates, faster than the treatments without enzyme addition. Enzyme enhancement of the lysimeter increased the rate of biodegradability of the waste; gas production increased more than two times and there was clear evidence of increase in nutrients (nitrogen, dissolved carbon, biological oxygen demand) in the lysimeter leachate.
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Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fugitive PM10 emissions from an integrated iron and steel plant (Science of the Total Environment)
(V.V. Khaparde, A.D. Bhanarkar, Deepanjan Majumdar, C.V. Chalapati Rao,562 (2016) ,,155–163, Year: 2016)
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Fugitive emissions of PM10 (particles b10 ?m in diameter) and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in the vicinity of coking unit, sintering unit, blast furnace and steel manufacturing unit in an integrated iron and steel plant situated in India. Concentrations of PM10, PM10-bound total PAHs, benzo (a) pyrene, carcinogenic PAHs and combustion PAHs were found to be highest around the sintering unit. Concentrations of 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs were recorded to be highest in the coking unit whereas 5-and 6-ring PAHs were found to be highest in other units. The following indicatory PAHs were identified: indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, dibenzo (a,h) anthracene, benzo (k) fluoranthene in blast furnace unit; indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, dibenzo (a,h) anthracene, chrysene in sintering unit; Anthracene, fluoranthene, chrysene in coking unit and acenaphthene, fluoranthene, fluorene in steel making unit. Total-BaP-TEQ (Total BaP toxic equivalent quotient) and BaP-MEQ (Total BaP mutagenic equivalent quotient) concentration levels ranged from 2.4 to 231.7 ng/m3 and 1.9 to 175.8 ng/m3, respectively. BaP and DbA (dibenzo (a,h) anthracene) contribution to total-BaP-TEQ was found to be the highest.
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DETERMINATION OF AIR CHANGE RATES BY USING INDOOR CO AS TRACER: APPLICABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES (Environmental Engineering and Management Journal)
(Deepanjan Majumdar, Dinakar Patil, Raman Malviya, Jitendra Trivedi,15(2),,421-427, Year: 2016)
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Air change rates and ventilation of a room was determined by CO Tracer Decay Technique. The tracer was generated by burning bulk amount of mosquito coils, an easy and low cost method of CO generation. The temporal decay in CO concentration in indoor air under closed and open room conditions were determined by collecting indoor air periodically at a few minutes interval in Tedler Bags and analyzing the same for CO. The air changes rate per hour (ACH) was calculated from the temporal decline of indoor CO concentration in indoor air. The study indicated that CO generated by a low cost and easily applicable method like combustion of organic materials could be used as a tracer to determine ACH and ventilation rate. Background CO in air could be suitably used for ventilation studies in rural/urban slum dwellings in India and many other countries where substantial CO is found indoors due to combustion of biomass, incense sticks and mosquito coils.
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Inhalation exposure or body burden? Better way of estimating risk - an application of PBPK model (Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology)
(Dipanjali Majumdar; Chirasree Dutta; Subha Sen.,41 ,,54–61, Year: 2016)
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We aim to establish a new way for estimating the risk from internal dose or body burden due to exposureof benzene in human subject utilizing physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. We alsointend to verify its applicability on human subjects exposed to different levels of benzene. We estimatedpersonal inhalation exposure of benzene for two occupational groups namely petrol pump workers andcar drivers with respect to a control group, only environmentally exposed.Benzene in personal air was pre-concentrated on charcoal followed by chemical desorption and anal-ysis by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). We selected urinarytrans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) as biomarker of benzene exposure and measured its concentrationusing solid phase extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Our estimated inhalation exposure of benzene was 137.5, 97.9 and 38.7 g/m3for petrol pump workers,car drivers and environmentally exposed control groups respectively which resulted in urinary t,t-MAlevels of 145.4 ± 55.3, 112.6 ± 63.5 and 60.0 ± 34.9 g g−1of creatinine, for the groups in the same order.We deduced a derivation for estimation of body burden from urinary metabolite concentration usingPBPK model. Estimation of the internal dose or body burden of benzene in human subject has beenmade for the first time by the measurement of t,t-MA as a urinary metabolite using physiologically basedpharmacokinetic (PBPK) model as a tool. The weight adjusted total body burden of benzene was estimatedto be 17.6, 11.1 and 5.0 g kg−1of body weight for petrol pump workers, drivers and the environmentallyexposed control group, respectively using this method. We computed the carcinogenic risk using boththe estimated internal benzene body burden and external exposure values using conventional method.Our study result shows that internal dose or body burden is not proportional to level of exposure ratherhave a non-linear relationship. At a higher exposure level such as for occupational exposure of petrolpump workers and drivers, the conventionally estimated risk is higher than risk estimated from internalbody burden. Likewise, for environmental exposure the conventional risk estimation predict lower levelthan estimated in our study. This emphasizes the importance of body burden and to consider it as a keyparameter while estimating health risk at varying level of exposure.
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Characterization of Bioaerosols and their Relation with OC, EC and Carbonyl VOCs at a Busy Roadside Restaurants-Cluster in New Delhi. (Aerosol and Air Quality Research)
(Smita Agarwal, Papiya Mandal, Dipanjali Majumdar, Shankar G. Aggarwal, Anjali Srivastava,16,,3198–3211, Year: 2016)
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Measurement of biological particles (bioaerosols) in ambient air is of great importance as it is directly linked with the health issues. However, data on the bioaerosols characterization are scarce. Here we report on the concentration and characterization of bioaerosols (including bacterial and fungal aerosols) as well as determination of organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) in total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) at a busy roadside restaurants-cluster site in New Delhi. In addition, 14 carbonyl volatile organic compounds (carbonyl VOCs) were also measured and their relationship with bioaerosols and OC/EC is assessed. The culturable airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations (CAB and CAF) at restaurant area varied significantly in different seasons ranging from 1.7 × 104–9.8 × 104 (averaged 6.3 × 104 ± 2.6 × 104 cfu m–3) and 3.5 × 102–9.5 × 103 (3.9 × 103 ± 3.1 × 103 cfu m–3) cfu m–3, respectively. Major concentration peaks of TSPM, OC, EC as well as bacterial and fungal aerosols were found in winter and spring seasons. These peaks can be attributed to the low atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height and favourable meteorological conditions for microbial growth in winter and spring seasons in New Delhi. Good correlations (R2 > 0.5) were observed between CAB, CAF, TSPM and OC. On the other hand, CAB and CAF were not found to be correlated with carbonyl compounds (R2 < 0.2) indicative of their diverse sources. The bacterial identification was done by 16s rDNA sequencing and the identified strains were Bacillus sp., Bacillus firmus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Acinetobacter sp. and Acinetobactor radioresistens gene. Predominant fungal genera identified were Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria and Fusarium, which are known for adverse health effects causing numerous allergic and pathogenic inflammations.
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A multi-temporal analysis for change assessment and estimation of algal bloom in Sambhar Lake, Rajasthan, India (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment)
(Ritesh Vijay,S. M. Pinto, Vikash K. Kushwaha, Sukdeb Pal and Tapas Nandy ,188 (9) Article No. 510,,, Year: 2016)
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Sambhar Lake in Rajasthan, India is the major inland salt water lake producing salt for centuries. The present study addresses the monitoring changes in and around the lake and its consequent effect on the lake water ecology. For this, satellite images of the years 1976, 1981, 1997, and 2013 are analyzed for land use land cover classes. Significant reduction in the water body is observed in contrast with the increase in salt pan around the periphery of lake and wetland classes. Further, the extent of water body and algae in the lake are delineated as per normalized difference water index and normalized difference vegetation index. Rainfall data do not indicate any major change in the pattern, but drastic decrease in the extent of water body and significant increase in algal bloom are serious concerns for the lake’s existence. This may be due to surrounding anthropogenic activities and construction of check dams and anicuts in the lake catchment which curtail the runoff into the lake and provide favorable growth of algae. Sambhar Lake, being declared as a wetland according to the Ramsar Convention, is necessary to protect and conserve the ecological importance of the lake through sustainable planning and management.
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Modelling indigenous footpath and proximity cut-off values for municipal solid waste management: A case study of Ilorin, Nigeria (Procedia Environmental Sciences)
(A. S. Aremu and Ritesh Vijay,vol 35,,51-56, Year: 2016)
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No information is available
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Assessment of tourism impact on land use land cover and natural slope in Manali, India: a geospatial analysis (Environmental Earth Sciences)
(Ritesh Vijay, V. K Kushwah, A. S. Chaudhary, Kasturi Naik, I. Gupta, Rakesh Kumar, S. R. Wate,75(20),,, Year: 2016)
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Demand for tourism has increased the pressure on hill stations and is becoming a major concern for change in land use/land cover in Manali, India. A geospatial approach has been applied in the present study to assess the impact of tourism on land use/land cover and natural slope. For this, satellite images of 1989, 2000, 2005 and 2012 were used for change detection and ASTER digital elevation model was used for slope analysis. Impact of tourism in the study area was assessed through change in built-up and its sprawl on various slope classes over the years. Built-upincreased from 4.7 to 15.7 % during 1989–2012 indicating fast growing development in the area. At the same time, exponential increase in number of tourists from 1.4 to 28 lakhs from 1980 to 2011, respectively, confirms excessive pressure of tourism in the study area. Even, the number of hotels has increased over the years. Built-up is observed in gentle slope to very steep slope and increasing year by year. Since the study area is prone to landslide and an increment in built-up especially in extreme, steep and very steep slope becomes a matter of grave concern. This study suggests immediate attention of city developers and planners to achieve the long-term viability of tourism industry through sustainable developments.
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