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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals in mosquito coil and coilash: are the concentrations alarming(International Journal of Environment and Pollution)
(Majumdar, Deepanjan, Maske, N., Kamal, N.
,611,,46-63,Year : 2017)
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Unmanaged mosquito coil ash could be regarded as a possible source of metal and PAH contamination in households but such risk is generally overlooked. Therefore, to address this issue, polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals were estimated in the ash generated by a few popular mosquito coils marketed in India. The detected concentration range of PAHs in coil ash samples was 8 (Benz(a) anthracene) to 2925 ng g-1 ash (Phenanthrene) while metal concentration ranged from 0.1 (Cd) to 28366 µg g-1 ash (Fe). In the coil base material, concentration of metals ranged from 0.1 (cd) to 3193.0 (Fe) µg g-1 coil powder, indicating substantial magnification of metal concentration in coil ash over coil base material. The study indicated that mosquito coil ash could be an important source of metal and PAH contamination in households and hence should be carefully managed.
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Synergistic effect of fly ash in- vessel-composting of biomass and kitchen waste(BioresourceTechnology)
(Manyapu, V., Mandpe, A., & Kumar S.,251, ,,114-120,Year : 2017)
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The present study aims to utilize coal fly ash for its property to adsorb heavy metals and thus reducing the bioavailability of the metals for plant uptake. Fly ash was incorporated into the in-vessel composting system along with organic waste. The in-vessel composting experiments were conducted in ten plastic vessels of 15 L capacity comprising varying proportions of biomass waste, kitchen waste and fly ash. In this study, maximum degradation of organic matter was observed in Vessel 3 having k value of 0.550 d?1. In vessel 10, 20% fly ash with a combination of 50% biomass waste and 30% kitchen waste along with the addition of 5% jaggery as an additive produced the best outcome with least organic matter (%C) loss and lowest value of rate constant (k).
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Inter-seasonal and spatial distribution of ground-level greenhouse gases(CO2, CH4, N2O) over Nagpur in India and their management roadmap(Environmental Monitoring andAssessment)
(Majumdar, Deepanjan, Rao, P., Maske, N.,189(3),,121,Year : 2017)
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Ground level concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were monitored over three seasons i.e. post-monsoon (September-October), winter (January-February) and summer (May-June) for 1 year during 2013-2014 in Nagpur city in India. The selected gases had low to moderate variation both spatially (residential, commercial, traffic intersections, residential cum commercial sites) and temporally (at 7:00, 13:00; 18:00 and 23:00 h in all three seasons). Concentrations of gases were randomly distributed diurnally over city in all seasons and there was no specific increasing or decreasing trend with time in a day. Average CO2 and N2O concentrations in winter were higher over post-monsoon and summer while CH4 had highest average concentration in summer. Observed concentrations of CO2 were predominantly above global average of 400 ppmv while N2O and CH4 concentrations frequently dropped down below global average of 327 ppbv and 1.8 ppmv, respectively. Two tailed Student’s ‘t’ test indicated that post-monsoon CO2 concentrations were statistically different from summer but not so from winter while difference between summer and winter concentrations was statistically significant (P<0.05). CH4 concentrations in all seasons were statistically at par to each other. In case of N2O, concentrations in post-monsoon were statistically different from summer but not so from winter, while difference between summer and winter concentrations was statistically significant (P<0.05). Average ground level concentrations of the gases calculated for 3 seasons together were higher in commercial areas. Environmental management priorities vis a vis greenhouse gas emissions in the city are also discussed.
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Towards developing a representative biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay for landfill waste-a review(Bioresource Technology)
(Pearse, L.F., Hettiaratchi, J.P.A., & Kumar, S.,,,,Year : 2017)
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The applicability of slurry-based (semi-liquids) BMP assay in determining biodegradation kinetic parameters of landfilled waste is critically reviewed. Factors affecting the amount and rate of methane (CH4) production during anaerobic degradation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and optimal values of these factors specific to landfill conditions are presented. The history of conventional BMP, and some existing procedures are reviewed. A landfill BMP (LBMP) assay is proposed that manipulates some of the key factors, such as moisture content, particle and sample size, that affects the rate of CH4 production and the CH4 generation potential of landfilled MSW (LMSW). By selecting proper conditions for these factors, a representative BMP assay could be conducted to ensure accurate determinations of CH4 potential and the kinetic parameters k; first order rate coefficient and Lo; methane generation potential.
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Effect of bulking agents and cow dung as an inoculants on vegetable waste compost quality(Bioresource Technology)
(Rich, N., Bharti, A., & Kumar S.,252, ,,83-90,Year : 2017)
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No information is available
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Aerated bio filters with multiple-level air injection configurations to enhance biological treatment of methane emissions(Bioresource Technology)
(Farrokhzadeh, H., Hettiaratchi, J.P.A., Jayasinghe, P., &S Kumar,239, ,,219-225,Year : 2017)
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No information is available
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The use of methanotrophic applications to control of fugitive methane emissions from the biodegradation of organic waste(International Journal of Environmental Technology, and Management)
(Mancebo, U., Hettiaratchi, J. P.A., Kumar, S., &Hurtado, O.,15, ,,524-538,Year : 2017)
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Large amounts of methane (CH4) escapes to the atmosphere through fugitive emissions arising from anthropogenic sources. This is detrimental because the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of CH4 is 25 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2) on a 100 year time horizon. As a result, there has been increasing interest in developing cost-effective and reliable alternatives for the minimisation of CH4 releases into the atmosphere. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current state of efforts and alternatives with respect to the control of fugitive CH4 emissions generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of organic waste.
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Challenges and opportunities associated with waste management in India(Royal Society Open Science)
(Kumar, S., Smith, S.R., Fowler, G.F., Velis, C., Kumar, S.J., Arya, S., Rena., Kumar, R., &Cheeseman, C.,41,,,60,764,Year : 2017)
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India faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Current systems in India cannot cope with the volumes of waste generated by an increasing urban population, and this impacts on the environment and public health. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. This paper reports on an international seminar on Sustainable solid waste management for cities: opportunities in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute and the Royal Society. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. The potential for energy generation from landfill via methane extraction or thermal treatment is a major opportunity, but a key barrier is the shortage of qualified engineers and environmental professionals with the experience to deliver improved waste management systems in India.
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A review on organic waste to energy systems in India.(Bioresource Technology)
(Dhar, H., Kumar, S., & Kumar, R.,245. ,,1229-1237,Year : 2017)
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Waste generation is increasing day-by-day with the growth of population which directly affects the environment and economy. Organic municipal solid waste (MSW) and agriculture sectors contribute towards maximum waste generation in India. Thus, management of organic waste is very much essential with the increasing demand for energy. The present paper mainly focusses on reviewing waste to energy (WtE) potentials, its technologies, and the associated challenges. Different substrates are utilized through various technological options in India. Organic waste has good potential to attain sustainable energy yields with and without affecting the environment. A realistic scenario of WtE technologies and their challenges in line with the existing Indian condition is presented in this paper.
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Impact of highway construction on water bodies: a geospatial assessment(Environmental Monitoring and Assessment)
(Ritesh Vijay, Vikash kumar Kushwaha, Trupti Mardikar, P. K. Labhasetwar,189,8,401,Year : 2017)
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India has witnessed a massive infrastructure boom in the past few years. One of such projects is National Highway-7 (NH-7), a North-South highway connecting Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, to Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, traversing many water bodies. The present study aims to assess the pre- and post-construction impact due to existing, new and widened NH-7 on the physical status of the water bodies, using remote sensing techniques. Satellite images spanning 22 years were procured and analysed for change detection in land use and land cover within the waterbodies. The study indicates that construction activities have led to transformation within the water bodies regarding reduction in area and inter-changing of land use and land cover classes, in turn leading to siltation and reduction of recharge.
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Inhibitory effects of acidic pH and Confounding effects of moisture content on methane biofiltration(Bioresource Technology)
(Barzgar, S., Hettiaratchi, J.P.A., Pearse, L., &Kumar, S.,245, ,,633-640,Year : 2017)
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This study focussed on evaluating the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on biological oxidation of waste methane (CH4) gas in compost biofilters, Batch experiments were conducted to determine the dependency of maximum methane oxidation rate (Vmax) on two main factors; pH and moisture content, as well as their interaction effects. The maximum Vmax was observed at a pH of 7.2 with decreasing Vmax values observed with decreasing pH, irrespective of moisture content. Flow-through columns operated at a pH of 4.5 oxidized CH4 at a flux rate of 53 g/m2/d compared to 146 g/m2/d in columns operated at neutral pH. No oxidation activity was observed for columns operated at pH 2.5, and DNA sequencing analysis of samples led to the conclusion that highly acidic conditions were responsible for inhibiting the ability of methanotrophs to oxidize CH4. Biofilter columns operated at pH 2.5 contained only 2% methanotrophs (type I) out of the total microbial population, compared to 55% in columns operated at pH 7.5. Overall, changes in the population of methanotrophs with acidification within the biofilters compromised its capacity to oxidize CH4 which demonstrated that a compost biofilter could not operate efficiently in the presence of high levels of H2S.
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In-vessel composting: a rapid technology for conversion of bio-waste into compost. (International Journal of Science and Engineering)
(Manyapu, V., Shukla, S., Kumar, S., &Rajendra, K.,2, ,,58-63,Year : 2017)
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Composting always proved to be the Nature-friendly and sustainable method for getting rid of the huge burden of biowaste. As we witness, there is an intractable growth of human population and their unlimited consumption of different goods produce a tremendous amount of waste. In New Delhi itself, more than 9500 tons of waste is generated every day, out of which 8000 tons per day goes to the landfilling, which is the most commonly practiced method. This malignant process instead of solving the problem of waste, in turn, causes more problems like methane emission, heavy metal leaching into groundwater, soil pollution, etc. Composting mimics natural mineralization process which is the alternative solution of resource recovery with no side-effects. To curb such a huge amount of waste, the composting process must be rapidified and achieved by in-vessel composting, where the partial anaerobic condition is reduced by enforced aeration and critical parameters like moisture and temperature can be controlled. Aerobic bacteria are the main agents which speed up the composting process. Moreover, easily available natural additives like buttermilk, jaggery, sugar, etc. also speed up the microbial process and increase the efficiency. So, the in-vessel composting provides efficient compost in a very short time period. This paper will provide a critical assessment of In-vessel composting in terms of process parameters and efficiency in comparison with conventional methods. This process can be critically utilized for community-based composting at small scale compost production, which will be a key to link daily household waste with resource generation with the aim to achieve Swach Bharat Mission.
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Co-composting of vegetable wastes and carton: Effect of carton composition and parameter variations(Bioresource Technology)
(Rawoteea, S.A.,?Mudhoo,?A.,?&Kumar, S.,227, ,,171-178,Year : 2017)
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of carton in the composting process of mixed vegetable wastes using an experimental composter of capacity 80 L. Three different mixes were set-up (Mixes 1, 2 and 3) which consisted of vegetable wastes, 2.0 kg paper and bulking agents, vegetable wastes, 1.5 kg carton and bulking agents, vegetable wastes, 4.5 kg carton and bulking agents, respectively. Temperature evolution, pH trends, moisture levels, respiration rates, percentage volatile solids and electrical conductivity were monitored for a period of 50 days. The system remained under thermophilic conditions for a very short period due to the small size of the reactor. The three mixes did not exceed a temperature of 55 C, where sanitization takes place by the destruction of pathogens. The highest peak of CO2 evolution was observed in Mix 2 indicating that maximum microbial degradation took place in that mix.
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Development of Irrigation Potential In Malikhedi Sericulture Farm of Ujjain District, M.P. In: Technologies for Sustainable Rural Development having Potential of socio-economic upliftment. Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
(Raghuvanshi Ram, J. P. Shukla, C. Padmakar and R. N. Yadava,,,,Year : 2017)
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No information is available
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Emission from open burning of municipal solid waste in India.(Environmental Technology)
(Kumari, K., Kumar, S., Rajagopal, V., Khare, A., & Kumar, R.
,,,,Year : 2017)
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"Open burning of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a potential non-point source of emission, which causes greater concern especially in developing countries like India. The lack of awareness about environmental impact of open burning among the public, and ignorance of the fact i.e., “Open burning is a source of emission of carcinogenic substances” by environmental organizations are major hindrances towards appropriate municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system in India. The present paper highlights about the open burning of MSW practices in India, the current and projected emission of 10 major pollutants, namely dioxin, furans, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and 1-hexene emitted due to the open burning of MSW. Waste to Energy (WTE) potential of MSW was also estimated adopting effective biological and thermal techniques, such as Biomethanation and Plasma Arc Gasification by replacing open burning technique. Statistical techniques were applied to analyse the data and current and projected emission of these 10 pollutants were estimated. Data pertaining to population, MSW generation and its collection efficiency were compiled for 29 States and 7 Union Territories. Thereafter, emission of 10 pollutants was measured following methodology prescribed in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guideline for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2006. The study revealed that people living in Metropolitan cities in India are more affected by emissions from open burning."
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Reduction of methane emission from landfill using bio cover as a bio-mitigation system-a review(Indian Journal of Experiment Biology)
(Chavan, D., & Kumar, S.
,56, ,,451-459,Year : 2017)
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No information is available
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A modelling approach for water quality assessment of Pili river using HEC-RAS(Journal of Indian Water Works Association)
(Siddhant Dash, Ritesh Vijay, Rajesh Gupta,,,,Year : 2017)
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Nagpur the winter capital of Maharashtra, is the largest city in Central India. It is one of the major cities that come that come under the proposed smart city project undertaken by Government of India. But with the advent of urbanisation in the city over a past few years, the demand for water has significantly increased. On the other hand, there has been decreased in the quality of water, especially in the Piliriver, to a great extent due to establishments around it and discharge of untreated domestic sewage.
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Physico-chemical analysis and isolation of microbes from ground water nearby landfill site: a case study(Indian Journal of Experiment Biology)
(Khapre, A., Lakshmikanthan, C., & Kumar, S.
,56, ,,526-530,Year : 2017)
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No information is available
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An impact of sewage pumping failure on coastal water quality of Mumbai, India(Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences)
(Trupti Mardikar, Ritesh Vijay, Indrani Gupta, Rakesh Kumar,46(8),,1528-1538,Year : 2017)
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A model was conceptualized to emulate the behaviour of coastal water during high and low tides and the impact of the pump failure in present and projected future scenarios was estimated on it. The model was validated before being used for failure scenario simulation. The study indicates that potential adverse effects on water quality are imminent in case of sewage pumping station failure and warrants better planning and management in terms of diversionary and evacuation routes and preparedness plans.
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Phyto-capping: an alternative option for mitigation of lfgs and remediation of landfill leachate(Indian Journal of Experiment Biology)
(Khapre, A., & Kumar, S.
,1414314,,,Year : 2017)
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No information is available
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