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On the biosorption, by brown seaweed, Lobophora variegata, of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions: Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies(Biodegradation)
(Bhavanath Jha and Santlal Jaiswar,661–680,,,Year : 2010)
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The biosorption equilibrium isotherms of Ni(II) onto marine brown algae Lobophora variegata, which was chemically-modified by CaCl(2) were studied and modeled. To predict the biosorption isotherms and to determine the characteristic parameters for process design, twenty-three one-, two-, three-, four- and five-parameter isotherm models were applied to experimental data. The interaction among biosorbed molecules is attractive and biosorption is carried out on energetically different sites and is an endothermic process. The five-parameter Fritz-Schluender model gives the most accurate fit with high regression coefficient, R (2) (0.9911-0.9975) and F-ratio (118.03-179.96), and low standard error, SE (0.0902-0.0.1556) and the residual or sum of square error, SSE (0.0012-0.1789) values to all experimental data in comparison to other models. The biosorption isotherm models fitted the experimental data in the order: Fritz-Schluender (five-parameter) > Freundlich (two-parameter) > Langmuir (two-parameter) > Khan (three-parameter) > Fritz-Schluender (four-parameter). The thermodynamic parameters such as DeltaG (0), DeltaH (0) and DeltaS (0) have been determined, which indicates the sorption of Ni(II) onto L. variegata was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.
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Assessment of heavy metal content in suspended particulate matter of coastal industrial town, Mithapur, Gujarat, India(Atmospheric Research)
(Jayraj Jhala, R.B. Thorat, R.H. Trivedi, Kunal Shah, Gopalakrishnan Menon, P.M. Gaur, K.H. Mody and B.Jha, 257-265,,,Year : 2010)
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Heavy metal concentrations in suspended particulate matter (SPM) were investigated for their distribution and source in the atmosphere of coastal industrial town, Mithapur, Gujarat, India. SPM, at 10 locations covering three seasons, were trapped on glass fibre filters using high volume samplers and quantification of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry employing HNO3 based wet digestion. Results show relatively low concentrations of SPM (211.3 to 375.2 ?g/m3) compared to National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), specified By Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB, India), however, they were 2–3 times higher as compared to reference site. Among the heavy metals Cr, Mn and Pb levels were low, while Ni and Cd found to be exceeding the USEPA standards. The metal levels were also compared with those reported for other rural, coastal, industrial and urban parts around the world. Enrichment Factor analysis indicated that Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni were highly enriched relative to their crustal ratios (to Fe) and correspond to substantial contribution of anthropogenic source of these metals. The source identification was carried out by principal component analysis by applying a Varimax Rotated Component Matrix.
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Studies on the adsorption and kinetics of photodegradation of pharmaceutical compound, Indomethacin using novel photocatalytic adsorbents IPCAs(Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research)
(David Keane, Anne Morrissey, Kieran Nolan, Michael Oelgemoller, John Tobin,11302–11309,,,Year : 2010)
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Integrated photocatalytic adsorbents (IPCAs) based on TiO2-activated carbon synthesized by an ultrasonic impregnation technique have been used for the photodegradation of indomethacin (IND) in aqueous solutions. The IPCAs in dark adsorption studies had high affinity toward IND with the amount adsorbed proportional to the TiO2 loading. The adsorption capacity increased from 0.597 to 0.657 mmol/g with increase in TiO2 content from 0.5 to 10% in IPCAs. Three adsorption models, Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips, were used to describe the adsorption isotherms while the adsorption kinetic data were fitted to pseudofirst order and pseudosecond order models. The adsorption isotherm study showed that the adsorption followed both Sips and Langmuir models with high regression coefficients (R2) and low standard error (SE) and sum of residual square error (SSE) values. The adsorption kinetic data are well represented by pseudosecond order model. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation under UV were found to follow a Langmuir?Hinshelwood model for the various IPCAs. The adsorption rate constant (Kads) was considerably higher than the photocatalytic rate constant (kL-H), suggesting that the photocatalysis of IND is the rate-determining step during the adsorption/photocatalysis process. The proportion of TiO2 played a significant role upon the photoefficiency of the IPCAs. The photocatalytic efficiency of the 10% TiO2 IPCA remained greater than 70% after five cycles of use.
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Polymerase chain reaction confirmation of diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis in Puducherry(Indian Journal of Gastroenterology)
(S.C. Parija ,A. Garg , K. Pushpa , K. Khairnar ,T. Priya,,, p 140-142 ,Year : 2010)
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No information is available
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Pulsed photostimulated-and thermo-luminescence investigations of ? ray-irradiated herbs(Food chemistry
)
(Sukdeb Pal, Byeong Keun Kim, Won Young Kim, Min Jung Kim, Hyeon A Ki, Woo Suk Kang, In Ho Kang, Shin Jung Kang, Joon Myong Song,Vol(122),Issue(4),Pages(1290-1297),,,Year : 2010)
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In this study, physical detection methods like pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) were investigated to indentify ?-ray irradiation treatment of some medicinal herbs. Dried herbal samples consisting of root, rhizome, cortex, fruit, seed, flower, spike, ramulus, folium and whole plant of nineteen different herbs were irradiated using a 60Co irradiator at 0?50 kGy. Fifteen non-irradiated control samples had photon counts (PCs) less than the lower threshold value (700 counts/60 s). The photon counts of four non-irradiated samples (roots of osterici, angelica gigas, liriope, and whole plant of taraxaci herba) were between the lower and upper threshold values (700?5000 counts/60 s).
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Metallopharmaceuticals based on silver (I) and silver (II) polydiguanide complexes: activity against burn wound pathogens(Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
)
(Sukdeb Pal, Eun Jeong Yoon, Sun Hee Park, Eung Chil Choi, Joon Myong Song,Vol(65),Issue(10),Pages(2134-2140),,,Year : 2010)
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The in vitro pharmacodynamics of silver(I) and silver(II) complexes of a polydiguanide ligand, chlorhexidine, were assayed to examine the value of the bactericidal endpoint as an alternative means of evaluating their antibacterial activities against burn wound pathogens.
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Development of radiation indicators to distinguish between irradiated and non-irradiated herbal medicines using HPLC and GC-MS(Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry)
(Min Jung Kim, Hyeon A Ki, Won Young Kim, Sukdeb Pal, Byeong Keun Kim, Woo Suk Kang, Joon Myong Song,Vol(398),Issue(2),Pages(943-953),,,Year : 2010)
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The effects of high dose ?-irradiation on six herbal medicines were investigated using gas chromatography?mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Herbal medicines were irradiated at 0?50 kGy with 60Co irradiator. HPLC was used to quantify changes of major components including glycyrrhizin, cinnamic acid, poncirin, hesperidin, berberine, and amygdalin in licorice, cinnamon bark, poncirin immature fruit, citrus unshiu peel, coptis rhizome, and apricot kernel. No significant differences were found between gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated samples with regard to the amounts of glycyrrhizin, berberine, and amygdalin. However, the contents of cinnamic acid, poncirin, and hesperidin were increased after irradiation. Volatile compounds were analyzed by GC/MS. The relative proportion of ketone in licorice was diminished after irradiation
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Antibacterial Metallopharmaceuticals Based on Nanocrystalline Trivalent Silver Polydiguanide
(PAL Sukdeb, Joon Myong SONG,Pages(223-223),,,Year : 2010)
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Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline trivalent silver polydiguanide complex was described. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against burn wound pathogens. Synthesis of essentially monodispersed nanoparticles of higher valentmetal complex was accomplished by oxidation of the monovalent silver, followed by stabilization of the oxidized higher-valent metal through complexation with chlorhexidine, a polydiguanide ligand in a reverse microemulsion at room temperature. Their antibacterial potencies wereassessed invitroby determining the MICs and MBCs against four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria using agar dilution and microdilution methods.
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In-Silico Studies of Halophilic Archaeon DL31 Plasmids for Gene Annotation and Structure Prediction(International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications)
(A. Panday, A. Siddique, S.G. Sanmukh, K. Khairnar,,,1-12,Year : 2010)
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No information is available
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A roadmap for development of sustainable e-waste management system in India(Journal of Science of the Total Environment)
(P. S. Dutt,409,1, 1 ,19-32,Year : 2010)
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The problem of E-waste has forced Environmental agencies of many countries to innovate, develop and adopt environmentally sound options and strategies for E-waste management, with a view to mitigate and control the ever growing threat of E-waste to the environment and human health. E-waste management is given the top priority in many developed countries, but in rapid developing countries like India, it is difficult to completely adopt or replicate the E-waste management system in developed countries due to many country specific issues viz. socio-economic conditions, lack of infrastructure, absence of appropriate legislations for E-waste, approach and commitments of the concerned, etc. This paper presents a review and assessment of the E-waste management system of developed as well as developing countries with a special emphasis on Switzerland, which is the first country in the world to have established and implemented a formal E-waste management system and has recycled 11 kg/capita of WEEE against the target of 4 kg/capita set by EU. And based on the discussions of various approaches, laws, legislations, practices of different countries, a road map for the development of sustainable and effective E-waste management system in India for ensuring environment, as well as, occupational safety and health, is proposed.
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Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Genus Crocodylus (Eusuchia, Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) and the taxonomic position of Crocodylus porosus.(Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,)
(Meganathan, P. R., Dubey, B., Batzer, M. A., Ray, D. A., Haque.I
,,,393-402,Year : 2010)
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The genus Crocodylus consists of 11 species including the largest living reptile, Crocodylus porosus. The current understanding of the intrageneric relationships between the members of the genus Crocodylus is sparse. Even though members of this genus have been included in many phylogenetic analyses, different molecular approaches have resulted in incongruent trees leaving the phylogenetic relationships among the members of Crocodylus unresolved inclusive of the placement of C. porosus. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequences along with the partial mitochondrial gene sequences and a nuclear gene, C-mos were utilized to infer the intrageneric relationships among Crocodylus species with a special emphasis on the phylogenetic position of C. porosus. Four different phylogenetic methods, Neighbour Joining, Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference, were utilized to reconstruct the crocodilian phylogeny. The uncorrected pairwise distances computed in the study, show close proximity of C. porosus to C. siamensis and the tree topologies thus obtained, also consistently substantiated this relationship with a high statistical support. In addition, the relationship between C. acutus and C. intermedius was retained in all the analyses. The results of the current phylogenetic study support the well established intergeneric crocodilian phylogenetic relationships. Thus, this study proposes the sister relationship between C. porosus and C. siamensis and also suggests the close relationship of C. acutus to C. intermedius within the genus Crocodylus.
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A novel multiplex PCR assay for the identification of Indian crocodiles. (Molecular Ecology Resources)
(Meganathan, P. R., Dubey B., Jogayya, K. N., Whitaker, N., Haque. I
,,,744- 747,Year : 2010)
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Illegal hunting has been a major threat for the survival of wildlife fauna, including the three crocodile species that India harbours: Crocodylus palustris, Crocodylus porosus and Gavialis gangeticus. Although law prevents trade on these species, illicit hunting for trade continues to threaten the survival of these endangered species; conservation strategies therefore require a rapid molecular identification technique for Indian crocodiles. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with species-specific primers, considered as one of the most effective molecular techniques, is described herein. The primers were designed to yield species-specific sized amplicons. The assay discriminates the three Indian crocodile species unambiguously within a short time period using only simple agarose gel electrophoresis. We recommend this multiplex PCR assay to be used in the identification of Indian crocodile species.
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Molecular identification of three Indian snake species using simple PCR-RFLP method(Journal of Forensic Sciences)
(Dubey, B., Meganathan, P. R., Haque. I
,,,1065-1067,Year : 2010)
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Three endangered Indian snake species, Python molurus, Naja naja, and Xenochrophis piscator are known to be significantly involved in illegal trade. Effective authentication of species is required to curb this illegal trade. In the absence of morphological features, molecular identification techniques hold promise to address the issue of species identification. We present an effective PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for easy identification of the three endangered snake species, Python molurus, Naja naja, and Xenochrophis piscator. A 431-bp amplicon from cytochrome b gene was amplified using novel snake-specific primers following restriction digestion with enzymes Mbo II and Fok I. The species-specific reference fragment patterns were obtained for the target species, which enabled successful identification of even highly degraded shed skin sample confirming the utility of the technique in case of poor-quality DNA. The assay could be effectively used for forensic authentication of three Indian snake species and would help strengthen conservation efforts.
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Traces of sub-Saharan and Middle Eastern lineages in Indian Muslim populations. (European Journal of Human Genetics)
(Eaaswarkhanth, M., Haque, I., Ravesh, Z., Romero, I. G., Meganathan P. R., Dubey, B., Khan, F. A., Chaubey, G., Kivisild, T., Tyler-Smith, C., Singh, L., Thangaraj, K
,,,354- 363,Year : 2010)
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Islam is the second most practiced religion in India, next to Hinduism. It is still unclear whether the spread of Islam in India has been only a cultural transformation or is associated with detectable levels of gene flow. To estimate the contribution of West Asian and Arabian admixture to Indian Muslims, we assessed genetic variation in mtDNA, Y-chromosomal and LCT/MCM6 markers in 472, 431 and 476 samples, respectively, representing six Muslim communities from different geographical regions of India. We found that most of the Indian Muslim populations received their major genetic input from geographically close non-Muslim populations. However, low levels of likely sub-Saharan African, Arabian and West Asian admixture were also observed among Indian Muslims in the form of L0a2a2 mtDNA and E1b1b1a and J(*)(xJ2) Y-chromosomal lineages. The distinction between Iranian and Arabian sources was difficult to make with mtDNA and the Y chromosome, as the estimates were highly correlated because of similar gene pool compositions in the sources. In contrast, the LCT/MCM6 locus, which shows a clear distinction between the two sources, enabled us to rule out significant gene flow from Arabia. Overall, our results support a model according to which the spread of Islam in India was predominantly cultural conversion associated with minor but still detectable levels of gene flow from outside, primarily from Iran and Central Asia, rather than directly from the Arabian Peninsula.
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Production and single-step purification of Brugia malayi abundant larval transcript (ALT-2) using hydrophobic interaction chromatography(J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol.)
(Bhuvanesh, S., Arunkumar, C., Kaliraj, P., Ramalingam, S.,Vol(37) Pages(1053-1059),,,Year : 2010)
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Abundant larval transcript (ALT), a novel filarial protein, has been shown to have great potential as a vaccine in the prevention of human lymphatic filariasis. In this study, we report a method for the production of recombinant ALT-2 protein, expressed in the cytoplasm of bacterium Escherichia coli in soluble form and purification in a single step using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). Fermentation was done by continuous fed-batch methodology with dissolved oxygen (DO)-controlled feed addition. The culture was induced with 1 mM isopropyl-?-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Up to 9 g/l dry cell weight (DCW) of biomass was obtained from 1.6 l of Luria?Bertani (LB) broth in a bench-scale reactor. Around 200 mg/l of purified ALT-2 with a yield of about 60% was obtained. This is almost a 2.5-fold increase in final protein yield compared to purification using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC).
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Selection of indicator bacteria based on screening of 16S rDNA metagenomic library from a two-stage anoxic-oxic bioreactor system for azo dyes decolorization(Bioresource Technology)
(Nishant Dafale, Leena Agrawal, A. Kapley, Sudhir Meshram, H. Purohit & Satish Wate
,101,,476–484,Year : 2010)
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Dye degradation has gained attention of late due to indiscriminate disposal from user industries. Enhancing efficiency of biological treatment provides a cheaper alternative vis-à-vis other advanced technologies. Dye molecules are metabolized biologically via anoxic and oxic treatments. In this study, bacterial community surviving on dye effluent working in anoxic–oxic bioreactor was analyzed using 16S rDNA approach. Azo-dye decolorizing and degrading bacterial community was enriched in lab-scale two-stage anoxic–oxic bioreactor. 16S rDNA metagenomic libraries of enriched population were constructed, screened and phylogenetically analyzed separately. Removal of ∼35% COD with complete decolorization was observed in anoxic bioreactor. Process was carried out by uncultured gamma proteobacterium constituting 48% of the total population and 12% clones having homology to Klebsiella. Aromatic amines generated during partial treatment under anoxic bioreactor were treated by aerobic population having 72% unculturable unidentified bacterium and rest of the population consisting of Thauera sp., Pseudoxanthomonassp., Desulfomicrobium sp., Ottowia sp., Acidovorax sp., and Bacteriodetes bacteriumsp.
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Transformation of azo dyes during wet heat sterilization-A source of error in typical microbial decolorization experiments(International Journal of Environmental Pollution)
(Nishant Dafale, Satish Wate, Sudhir Meshram & Nageshwara Rao
,431-3,,264-273,Year : 2010)
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Dye degradation has gained attention of late due to indiscriminate disposal from user industries. Enhancing efficiency of biological treatment provides a cheaper alternative vis-à-vis other advanced technologies. Dye molecules are metabolized biologically via anoxic and oxic treatments. In this study, bacterial community surviving on dye effluent working in anoxic–oxic bioreactor was analyzed using 16S rDNA approach. Azo-dye decolorizing and degrading bacterial community was enriched in lab-scale two-stage anoxic–oxic bioreactor. 16S rDNA metagenomic libraries of enriched population were constructed, screened and phylogenetically analyzed separately. Removal of ∼35% COD with complete decolorization was observed in anoxic bioreactor. Process was carried out by uncultured gamma proteobacterium constituting 48% of the total population and 12% clones having homology to Klebsiella. Aromatic amines generated during partial treatment under anoxic bioreactor were treated by aerobic population having 72% unculturable unidentified bacterium and rest of the population consisting of Thauera sp., Pseudoxanthomonassp., Desulfomicrobium sp., Ottowia sp., Acidovorax sp., and Bacteriodetes bacteriumsp. This paper presents the role of moist heat sterilisation in decolourisation of azo dyes during autoclaving itself, thereby leading to over estimation of actual decolourisation through subsequent microbial process. This surprise phenomenon was probed in detail by studying the effects of temperature, pressure and role of electron donor/carbon sources on decolourisation. In the presence of 10 g/litre glucose, 75% decolourisation of Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) dye was observed after autoclaving of medium at 121°C for 15 min at 15 psi. Studies repeated with other azo dyes revealed that Reactive Orange 16 (RO-16) was affected by autoclaving whereas Reactive Red 11 (RR-11) and Reactive Red 141 (RR-141) did not show significant decolourisation. The reduction of dye was dependent on concentration of electron donor/carbon source and autoclave conditions. The results indicate that investigators must screen the dyes for decolourisation during autoclaving and choose the appropriate means of sterilisation to remove the artifice or incorporate correction factor for dye concentration at the start of experiment.
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Bioremediation of wastewater containing azo dyes using sequential anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor system and its biodiversity(Environmental Reviews)
(Nishant Dafale, Satish Wate, Sudhir Meshram & Nageshwara Rao
,18,,21-36,Year : 2010)
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Wide range of dyes and dyestuffs used in textile manufacturing are xenobiotic compounds and attract stricter to strict environmental regulations. The ability of microbial consortia to decolorize and metabolize dyes has long been known, and the use of bioremediation based technologies for treating textile wastewater has attracted interest. These dyes are decolorized by microbial consortia but technologies for their complete mineralization are still not developed. The most logical concept for the removal of azo dyes in biological wastewater treatment systems is based on anaerobic treatment, for the reductive decolorization, in combination with aerobic treatment, for the degradation of the by-products (aromatic amines) generated in the anaerobic bioreactor. Several research and review articles were published on anaerobic decolorization; however, research on complete mineralization of dyes through sequential anaerobic–aerobic bioreactors has received greater attention recently. Bioremediation through sequential anaerobic–aerobic bioreactor system has been reviewed in this article with critical appraisal using data generated through our experiments. While reviewing this work, we realized the importance of microbial diversity in a treatment unit to better understand the functional status to enhance the mineralization activity of the bioreactor.
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Chemical Speciation of Chromium in Water - A Review (Environmental Science and Technology)
( Rupali Rakhunde, Leena Deshpande, H.D. Juneja,,,,Year : 2010)
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No information is available
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Water Resources Development and Management an Experience in Rural Hilly Area
(G.K. Khadse, A.V. Talkhande, S.P. Andey and P.S. Kelkar,Vol. 52,No. 1,p. 67-74,Year : 2010)
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No information is available
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