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Zero-Valent Aluminium Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Textile Wastewater Treatment(Chemical Engineering Journal)
(Jayraj Khatri, P.V. Nidheesh, T. S. Anantha Singh, M. Suresg Kumar,,,,Year : 2018)
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No information is available
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Infestation of Pauropsila tuberculata (Gall Insect) on Alstonia scholaris (Saptaparni) tree
(Ruchita Haldar, Sharda Kosankar
,6(1),,1695-1699,Year : 2018)
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No information is available
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Continuous treatability of oily wastewater from locomotive wash facilities by electrocoagulation(Separation Science and Technology )
(T. Sravanth, S.T. Ramesh, R. Gandhimathi, P. V. Nidheesh,,,,Year : 2018)
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The present work focuses on the feasibility of electrocoagulation (EC) process for the treatment of oil and grease wastewater generated from locomotive wash facilities. Experimental investigations have shown the influence of various factors affecting EC using continuous reactor. The effect of various operating parameters, like reaction time, electrode spacing, and applied voltage, was investigated and optimized using Box-Behnken design method. The optimized value of applied voltage and electrode spacing were found to be 28 V and 3 cm, and Chemical Oxygen Demand removal efficiency obtained was 91.9%. As a result, EC process can be an alternative method for the treatment of oily wastewater.
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Faunal diversity of CSIR-NEERI campus, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India(Int J. of Life Sciences )
(Kiran Bawaskar, Ruchita Haldar, Sharda Kosankar
,62,,311-325,Year : 2018)
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No information is available
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Optimization of batch electrocoagulation process using Box-Behnken experimental design for the treatment of crude vegetable oil refinery wastewater(Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology)
(Preethi Vijayaraghavan, S. T. Ramesh, R. Gandhimathi, P. V. Nidheesh,,,,Year : 2018)
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The performance of the batch electrocoagulation process for the treatment of real crude vegetable oil refinery wastewater with high COD using sacrificial aluminum anode was explored in this research. Effects of operating factors such as electrolysis time (0–60 min), applied voltage (10–20 V) and electrode spacing (2–4 cm) on the COD removal were investigated. Mathematical model relating these key operating factors and the COD removal was developed using Box-Behnken design. 3-D response surface plots showed that the COD removal significantly increased with increase in electrolysis time and applied voltage till the optimum value. COD removal decreased, when very short or excessive electrode spacing was fixed. Experimental COD removal of 70.8% was attained at the optimized conditions and observed to be in reasonable agreement with the prediction by the Box-Behnken design.
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Microbially assisted arsenic removal using Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans mediated by iron oxidation(Environmental Technology & Innovation)
(K. Kamde, R.A.Pandey, S.T. Thul, R. Dahake, V. M. Shinde, A. Bansiwal
,10,,78–90,Year : 2018)
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The aim of this investigation was to determine the efficiency of arsenic removal present in acidic water using the biochemical method in presence of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria and ferrous ions. The process includes the bio-oxidation of ferrous to ferric by bacteria with simultaneous conversion of arsenite to arsenate and its removal by chemical method. The experiments were carried out in shake flasks with or without A.ferrooxidans culture. The variables of the pH, temperature, cell density and initial concentration of ferrous ions in the growth medium of A.ferrooxidans bacteria were examined in the laboratory to determine how they affect the removal of arsenic. It was found that the maximum arsenic removal (80%–85%) occurred at ferrous ions concentration of 2 gL−1 at the temperature of 35 ?C with the initial cell density of 3.66 × 107 cells/mL and initial pH value of 2.5 with 70%–75% bio-oxidation of ferrous ions. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses have confirmed the growth of bacteria and identify the nature of precipitate generated by the bacteria. The finding showed that arsenic can be removed considerably in this process in an efficient and greener way, but also removing efficiency was much more (<80%) in acidic wastewater. The ANOVA and LSD statistical analysis were performed to assess any significant differences occurred among the four different levels of each variable. This study verified that combination of bio-oxidation with filtration improves the removal efficiency of arsenic.
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An Integrated Process of Value Addition to Citrus Waste and Performance of Fenton Process for Its Conversion to Biogas(Waste and Biomass Valorization)
(M. E. Magare, N. Sahu, G. S. Kanade, C. S. Chanotiya, S. T. Thul
,,,,Year : 2018)
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Citrus fruits are commercially important fruit crop all over the world. About 50–60% of citrus fruit is considered waste including peels and its handling is costly at municipal and industry levels. Citrus wastes in general show a low pH (3–4), relatively high water content and organic matter. Its composting is not recommended, as it has inherent low pH and presence of high concentration of limonene in essential oils that slow down its biological decomposition due to inhibitory activity. Anaerobic digestion for biogas production seems to be a technically sustainable way to valorise by suitable pre-treatment methods. Present study shows extraction of essential oil in minimum requirement of water (1:1 w/v) for hydro-distillation that yields about 2% essential oil from fresh peels. Further, pre-treatment of left over de-oiled biomass with of 30% Fenton’s reagent treatment show biogas and methane production up to 322.63 ml biogas/g VS feed and 122.48 ml methane/g VS feed, respectively under mesophilic condition which is superior to conventional treatment.
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Removal of arsenic by Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria in bench scale fixed-bed bioreactor system(Chemistry and Ecology)
(K. Kamde, R.A. Pandey, S. Thul, A. Bansiwal,,,,Year : 2018)
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In the present study arsenic contaminated simulated water and groundwater was treated by the combination of biological oxidation of tri-valent arsenite [As (III)] to penta-valent arsenate [As (V)] in presence of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria and its removal by adsorptive filtration in a bioreactor system. This method includes the immobilisation of A.ferrooxidans on Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) capable of oxidising ferrous [Fe (II)] to ferric [Fe (III)]. The Fe (III) significantly converts the As (III) to As (V) and ultimately removed greater than 95% by the bed of GAC, limestone, and sand. The significant influence of Fe (II) concentration (0.1–1.5 gL−1), flowrate (0.06–0.18 Lh−1), and initial As (III) concentration (100–1000 μgL−1) on the arsenic removal efficiency was investigated. The simulated water sample containing the different concentration of As (III) and other ions was used in the study. The removal of other co-existing ions present in contaminated water was also investigated in column study. The concentration of arsenic was found to be <10 μgL−1 which is below Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) as per WHO in treated water. The results confirmed that the present system including adsorptive-filtration was successfully used for the treatment of contaminated water containing As (III) ions.
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Stabilized landfill leachate treatment using heterogeneous Fenton and electro-Fenton processes(Chemosphere)
(T. Sruthi, R. Gandhimathi, S. T. Rameesh, P. V. Nidheesh,210,,38-43,Year : 2018)
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In the present study, stabilized landfill leachate treatment by heterogeneous Fenton and electro-Fenton (EF) was carried out. Iron-manganese binary oxide loaded zeolite (IMZ) was used as a catalyst for generating hydroxyl radicals in the acidic medium. Heterogeneous Fenton process was capable of removing 88.6% COD from landfill leachate at the optimal conditions, while 87.5% COD removal was observed at optimal EF treatment conditions. Biodegradability of landfill leachate was increased significantly from 0.03 to 0.52 after Fenton treatment. The prepared heterogeneous catalyst was found reusable with a reduction in COD removal rate. Even though, both the processes are efficient for leachate treatment, the low catalyst dosage requirement in case of EF process justifies that it is more feasible than Fenton process.
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Intercepting signalling mechanism to control environmental biofouling(3Biotech)
(S Pal, A Qureshi, HJ Purohit,8 (8),,364,Year : 2018)
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Biofouling in environmental systems employs bacterial quorum sensing signals (autoinducers) and extracellular polymeric substances to onset the event. The present review has highlighted on the fundamental mechanisms behind biofilm formation over broad spectrum environmental niches especially membrane biofouling in water systems and consequent chances of pathogenic contamination leading to global economic loss. It has broadly discussed on bioelectrical signal (via, potassium gradient) and molecular signal (via, AHLs) mediated quorum sensing which help to propagate biofilm formation. The review has illustrated the potential of genomic intervention towards biofouled membrane microbial community and has uncovered possible features of biofilm microenvironment like quorum quenching bacteria, bioelectrical waves capture, siderophores arrest and surface modifications. Based on information, the concept of interception of quorum signals (AHLs) and bioelectrical signals (K+) by employing electro-modified (negative charges) membrane surface have been hypothesized in the present review to favour anti-biofouling.
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Removal of Organic Pollutants using Peroxicoagulation Process(Environmental Chemistry Letters)
(P.V. Nidheesh,,,,Year : 2018)
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Peroxicoagulation is an electrochemical advanced oxidation processes in which both ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide are generated in the cell. Organic pollutants are thus removed by degradation and coagulation. The peroxicoagulation process is a combination of electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation processes. The peroxicoagulation process is very efficient for the removal of aniline and herbicides from water and for the treatment of landfill leachate and textile wastewaters. Under acidic conditions, electro-Fenton is the predominant removal means, whereas electrocoagulation is the main removal means under neutral and alkaline conditions. As a consequence, pH regulation to acidic conditions is essential for the mineralization of organic pollutants.
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Dissolved oxygen-mediated enrichment of quorum-sensing phenomenon in the bacterial community to combat oxidative stress(Archives of microbiology)
(H Tikariha, AA Khardenavis, HJ Purohit
,,,01 to 09,Year : 2018)
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Microbial community with their plasticity follows a course of changes that allow adaptation and survival in a particular habitat. In this study perturbations in microbial flora dwelling in two reactors with phenol as a carbon source under the limiting nitrogen and phosphorus conditions were monitored for 3 months with alterations of dissolved oxygen (DO). With the time, the shift in diversity and abundance of bacteria were observed with simultaneous increase in biofilm-forming bacteria like Pseudomonas, Escherichia, etc. Functional level screening revealed that the abundance of core metabolic genes were not much altered, however, the regulated level of increase in quorum sensing genes (acyl-homoserine lactone), biofilm-forming genes, catalase and ferroxidase enzymes at high DO suggest the survival mechanism of the community. This study sheds light on survival route followed by the bacterial community with abiotic stress, such as an increase in DO.
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Fly ash toxicity, emerging issues and possible implications for its exploitation in agriculture,Indian Scenario(Chemosphere)
(Hemlata P. Jambhulkar, Siratun Montaha S. Shaikh, M. Suresh Kumar,213,,333-344,Year : 2018)
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Fly ash is considered as an environmental hazard worldwide, since it generally contain organic pollutants, probable toxic metals like Se, As, B, V, Al, Pb, Hg, Cr and radionuclide's Uranium, Thorium. Although fly ash contains toxic substances, it also contains most of the oxides and trace elements. Presence of oxides contributes to its alkaline pH while trace elements provides nutrients for plant growth hence, it is suggested that it can be used in low concentration in agriculture sector as well as a soil conditioner as fly ash improves the physico-chemical and biological properties of contaminated soils. This article presents a review on causes of fly ash toxicities due to organic pollutants, heavy metals, radioactive elements and environmental issues related to its utilization and possibilities of fly ash exploitation in agriculture sector such as phytoremediation, bioremediation, reclamation of wasteland and forestry.
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Gut: a key mediating centre for the ageing process(Current Science)
(Hemant J Purohit, Jayant Deopujari
,114 (11),,2231-2233,Year : 2018)
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No information is available
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Composite wastewater treatement by aerated electrocoagulation and modified peroxi-coagulation process(Chemosphere)
(Abhijeet Kumar, P.V. Nidheesh, M. Suresh Kumar,205,,587-593,Year : 2018)
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No information is available
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Domestic use of cooking Fuel in India: A Review on Emission Characteristics and Associated Health concerns(Asian Journal of Chemistry)
(Pervez S., Verma Madhuri, Dewangan S., Dipanjali Majumdar,30(2),,235-245,Year : 2018)
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One out of every three Indians use biomass fuels such as wood, animal dung and coal cake, crop residues as their primary domestic energy source. About 23% and 61% of urban and rural Indian households, respectively, rely on traditional stoves (Chullah) for cooking practices. Household air pollution (HAP), which contains solid fuel burning emissions prominently, is reported to claim 4.3 million premature deaths yearly in developing country. But most of review studies to address air pollution scenario in India are focused on outdoor environments; major reason to review the current knowledge on emission estimates from household biomass burning and associated impacts on indoor air and human health. This review intends to critically discuss the variability associated with emission estimates and impacts of household air quality in different parts of India as presented in several research works, published during 2001-2015. About 27% and 11% increase in PM2.5 and PM10 has been observed in Indian house-indoors during the assessment period. Emission factors, emission budgets of aerosol fractions, carbonaceous matter and other chemical components for household biofuel burning emissions were also summarized for the period of 2001-2015. Health effects studies due HAP in India were also summarized and discussed. Improvement in ventilation system and modification in the pattern of fuels may contribute to reduce the effect of the pollution on national health. As there are no specific regulations or acts for controlling of HAP in India, urgent need is felt for implementing the strategies to create public awareness.
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Managing future air quality in megacities: co-benefits assessement for delhi(Atomspheric Environment)
(Bhanarkar AD., Purohit P., Rafaj P., Amann M., Bertok I., Cofala J., Rao PS., HarshavarhanB., Kiesewetter Gregor, Sander Robert, Schöpp Wolfgang, Majumdar Dipanjali, Srivastava A., Deshmukh S., Kawarti A., Kumar R. ,186,,158-177,Year : 2018)
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Urbanization, population and economic growth in Indian megacities like Delhi have resulted in an increase in energy and transportation demand leading to severe air pollution and related health impacts, as well as to the rapid growth in the greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, an integrated assessment of air quality and climate policiesfor Indiancities –withaparticularfocuson NationalCapital TerritoryofDelhi,hasbeencarriedout.We have developed emission inventory of air pollutants and greenhouse gases for the base year (2010) and evaluated the impact ofcurrent policieson emission projections by2030 in the business-as-usual scenario. Emissions of coarse and ?neparticulate matter areprojected to be51% and 15%higher in2030 as compared to present. As the current legislations do not indicate progress towards the achievement of the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards in Delhi, we explored the e?ectiveness of additional emission control strategies with either advanced end-of-pipe emission controls or low carbon policies. Relative to the baseline scenario, the set of alternativepolicystrategieswouldreduceemissionsrapidlyin2030.Theresultsrevealedthatairqualitypolicies under various scenarios could also have co-bene?ts of reducing carbon emissions. At the same time, the results suggest that low carbon policies would be more e?cient to cut emissions as compared to advanced end-of-pipe emission control policies. However, their implementation could be limited by the availability of clean fuels. In the climate policy scenario, carbon emission in 2030 is estimated to decrease by 19% relative to baseline. Additional controls combined with low carbon policies like controlling non-industrial emissions create an opportunity to further enhance the scope for co-bene?ts and to attain the air quality standards in Delhi.
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Emission estimation of aromatic and halogenated VOCs from household solid fuel burning practices(International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology)
(Verma M. , Pervez S. , Majumdar D. , Chakrabarty R. & Pervez Y. F. ,,,,Year : 2018)
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This study describes the emission factors (EFs) of 16 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the combustion of commonly used household solid fuels including coal balls (CB), fuelwood (FW), dung cakes (DC), crop residues (CR), and mixed fuels (MF: DC + FW), collected from ten states of India. Sum of 16 VOCs EF (g kg-1) have shown highest level (50.0 ± 22.7 g kg-1) for CB, followed by CR (23.71 ± 10.64 g kg-1), DC (19.08 ± 3.29 g kg-1), MF (15.77 ± 9.49 g kg-1), and FW (12.79 ± 5.69 g kg-1). These findings are multifold higher than those reported for biomass burning in test chamber studies. Benzene and dichloromethane EFs were found to be dominating among the aromatic and halogenated VOCs, respectively. Annual TVOCs emission estimates were evaluated to be 12.58 ± 5.92 Gg year-1 from household solid fuel burning practices. It was the 1/6th of TVOCs emission estimates (73 Gg year-1) from biomass burning in India during 2009.
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Perturbation of Background Atmospheric Black Carbon/PM1 Ratio during Firecracker Bursting Episode(Asian journal of atmospheric Environment)
(Deepanjan Majumdar and Ashok Gangadhar Gavane
,11(4),,322-329,Year : 2018)
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Perturbation in ambient particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) and black carbon (BC) concentrations was studied during a firecracker bursting episode in Diwali (Festival of Lights) celebrations in Nagpur, India. Firecracker bursting resulted in greater escalation in fine particulates over coarse particulates while PM2.5 was found to be dominated by PM1 concentration. On the Diwali day, daily mean concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards by over 1.8 and 1.5 times, respectively, while daily mean BC concentration on the same day was almost two times higher than the previous day. The BC/PM1 ratio reduced remarkably from about 0.26 recorded before firecracker bursting activity to about 0.09 during firecracker bursting on Diwali night in spite of simultaneous escalation in ambient BC concentration. Such aberration in BC/PM1 was evidently a result of much higher escalation in PM1 than BC in ambient air during firecracker bursting. The study highlighted strong perturbations in ambient PM1, PM2.5, PM10 concentrations and BC/PM1 during the firecracker bursting episode. Altered atmospheric BC/PM1 ratios could serve as indicators of firecracker-polluted air and similar BC/PM1 ratios in local and regional air masses might be used as diagnostic ratios for firecracker smoke.
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Arsenic in groundwater of West Bengal, India: A review of human health risks and assessment of possible intervention options.(Journal of Science of the Total Environment)
(Bhowmick S., Pramanik S., Singh P., Mondal P., Chatterjee D., Nriagu J,40266,,856,Year : 2018)
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"This paper reviews how active research inWest Bengal has unmasked the endemic arsenismthat has detrimental effects on the health of millions of people and their offspring. It documents howthe pathways of exposure to this toxin/poison have been greatly expanded through intensive application of groundwater in agriculture in the regionwithin the Green Revolution framework. A goal of this paper is to compare and contrast the similarities and differences in arsenic occurrence in West Bengal with those of other parts of the world and assess the unique socio-cultural factors that determine the risks of exposure to arsenic in local groundwater. Successful intervention options are also critically reviewedwithemphasis on integrative strategies that ensure safewater to the population, proper nutrition, and effective ways to reduce the transfer of arsenic from soil to crops. While no universal model may be suited for the vast areas of the world affected with by natural contamination of groundwater with arsenic, we have emphasized community-specific sustainable options that can be adapted. Disseminating scientifically correct information among the population coupled with increased community level participation and education are recognized as necessary adjuncts for an engineering intervention to be successful and sustainable."
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