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Recycling and treatment of herbal pharmaceutical wastewater using Scenedesmus quadricuada, (Current Science)
(,,,,Year : 2015)
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Globally, herbal pharmaceutical industries are among the leading pharmaceutical industries. They generate large volume of wastewater during processing and production, which is highly biodegradable in nature and cannot be discharged into environment as such. Hence efforts are being made to evaluate the toxicity of herbal pharmaceutical effluents using green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda. Physico-chemically treated effluents (PCTEs) as well as biologically treated effluents (BTEs) were observed after the application of S. quadricauda. Also, S. quadricauda showed higher growth rate after the addition of PCTE and BTE. The highest yield of algae was observed in BTE up to 15 days of incubation by synthesis of chlorophyll and cell metabolites, even with 10-100% dilution of effluents. The present study also discusses the evaluation of biotoxicity and recycling on herbal pharmaceutical wastewater along with heavy metal removal.
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Solar assisted alkali pretreatment of garden biomass: Effects on lignocellulose degradation, enzymatic hydrolysis, crystallinity and ultra-structural changes in lignocellulose
(,,,,Year : 2015)
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A comprehensive study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of solar assisted alkali pretreatment (SAAP) on garden biomass (GB). The pretreatment efficiency was assessed based on lignocellulose degradation, conversion of cellulose into reducing sugars, changes in the ultra-structure and functional groups of lignocellulose and impact on the crystallinity of cellulose, etc. SAAP was found to be efficient for the removal of lignin and hemicellulose that facilitated enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. FTIR and XRD studies provided details on the effectiveness of SAAP on lignocellulosic moiety and crystallinity of cellulose. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed ultra-structural disturbances in the microfibrils of GB as a result of pretreatment. The mass balance closer of 97.87% after pretreatment confirmed the reliability of SAAP pretreatment. Based on the results, it is concluded that SAAP is not only an efficient means of pretreatment but also economical as it involved no energy expenditure for heat generation during pretreatmeny.
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Understanding carbon regulation in aquatic systems -Bacteriophages as a model, F1000Research
(,,,,Year : 2015)
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No information is available
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“Ozone Induced Biodegradability Enhancement and Colour Reduction of a Complex Pharmaceutical Effluent” (The journal of Ozone: Science & Engineering )
(,,,,Year : 2015)
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The treatment of a complex pharmaceutical effluent using a combination of ozonation and biological treatment is reported with the use of ozonation as a pre- and posttreatment. Pretreatment facilitated biodegradability index (BI = BOD/COD) enhancement of up to 0.44 along with COD and color reduction of up to 42% and 33%, respectively. Subsequent anaerobic biodegradation of effluent indicated negligible biogas generation; however, aerobic biodegradation of pretreated effluent resulted in COD reduction (73%) and color reduction (62%), which was also indicated by the biokinetic parameters. Further, ozonation as a posttreatment led to higher overall COD (87%) and color (93%) removal.
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Enhancing adsorption of nitrate using metal impregnated alumina(Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering )
(S Jain, A Bansiwal, RB Biniwale, S Milmille, S Das, S Tiwari, Siluvai Antony Praveen,3,4,2342-2349,Year : 2015)
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.08.009
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Degradation of di through hepta chlorobiphenyl in clophen oil using microorganisms isolated from long term PCB contaminated soil (Indian Journal of Microbiology)
(,,,,Year : 2014)
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Present work describes microbial degradation of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners in Clophen oil which is used as transformer oil and contains high concentration of PCBs. Indigenous PCBs degrading bacteria were isolated from Clophen oil contaminated soil using enrichment culture technique. A 15 days study was carried out to assess the biodegradation potential of two bacterial cultures and their consortium for Clophen oil with a final PCBs concentration of 100 mg kg?1. The degradation capability of the individual bacterium and the consortium towards the varying range of PCBs congeners (di- through hepta-chlorobiphenyls) was determined using GCMS. Also, dehydrogenase enzyme was estimated to assess the microbial activity. Maximum degradation was observed in treatment containing consortium that resulted in up to 97 % degradation of PCB-44 which is a tetra chlorinated biphenyl whereas, hexa chlorinated biphenyl congener (PCB-153) was degraded up to 90 % by the consortium. This indicates that the degradation capability of microbial consortium was significantly higher than that of individual cultures. Furthermore, the results suggest that for degradation of lower as well as higher chlorinated PCB congeners; a microbial consortium is required rather than individual cultures
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Ambient Noise Level Prediction during Festival Season in Metro City of South East Asian Region(International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications)
(,,,,Year : 2014)
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No information is available
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Cytochrome P450 BM3 of Bacillus megaterium - A possible endosulfanbiotransforming gene( Journal of Environmental Sciences)
(,,,,Year : 2014)
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Computing chemistry was applied to understand biotransformation mechanism of an organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan. The stereo specific metabolic activity of human CYP-2B6 (cytochrome P450) on endosulfan has been well demonstrated. Sequence and structural similarity search revealed that the bacterium Bacillus megaterium encodes CYP-BM3, which is similar to CYP-2B6. The functional similarity was studied at organism level by batch-scale studies and it was proved that B. megaterium could metabolize endosulfan to endosulfan sulfate, as CYP-2B6 does in human system. The gene expression analyses also confirmed the possible role of CYP-BM3 in endosulfan metabolism. Thus, our results show that the protein structure based in-silico approach can help us to understand and identify microbes for remediation strategy development. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report which has extrapolated the bacterial gene for endosulfan biotransformation through in silico prediction approach for metabolic gene identification.
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Dynamics of effluent treatment plant during commissioning of activated sludge process unit (Environmental Science and Pollution Research)
(,,,,Year : 2014)
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Industrial effluent treatment plants (ETPs) are very important in protecting the environment and different life forms from harmful industrial waste. Hence, the efficiency of ETPs must be regularly monitored, particularly after major repair or replacement work. Present study evaluated the performance of an ETP over a period of 4 months, during which aeration tank (T1) of the activated sludge unit was replaced with a new one (T2). System had to be maintained operational during this transition, which warranted close monitoring of the system performance due to the daily load of hazardous industrial wastewater. Analysis showed that the raw wastewater was highly variable in composition and contained many hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants, such as heavy metals, bisphenol A and cyanoacetylurea. It showed significant toxicity against HepG2 cells in vitro. However, the ETP was found to successfully treat and detoxify the wastewater. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed large temporal fluctuations in the ETP microbial community, which is consistent with the variable composition of wastewater. It indicated that functional stability of the ETP was not associated with stability of the microbial community, probably due to high microbial biodiversity and consequently high functional redundancy. In conclusion, the CETP showed consistent level of detoxification and microbial community dynamics after switching to T2, indicating successful development, acclimatization and commissioning of T2.
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Investigation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in old consumer products in India(Env. Monitoring and Assessment)
(Kanchan Kumari,186(5),,3001-9,Year : 2014)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used extensively over the past 3 decades as flame retardants in most types of polymers, all over the world, have been identified as global pollutants. PBDEs pose various health problems such as thyroid hormone disruption, permanent learning and memory impairment, behavioral changes, hearing deficits, delayed puberty onset, fetal malformations, and possibly cancer. Many measurements of PBDEs in various matrices from Sweden, Holland, Japan, the USA, and elsewhere have been reported, but few measurements are available for India. In this study, a preliminary screening of different congeners of PBDEs has been performed in different old electronic and consumer products with an objective to build capacity in order to analyze PBDEs and BFRs. Six different samples, foam from upholstery, motherboard of a computer, children toy composite sample, old vanishing window blind sample, electrical wire sample, and PVC flooring sample, were collected and analyzed for the presence of the following PBDE congeners: BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209. It was found that three out of six samples were positive for the presence of PBDEs. Three congeners were detected in the samples, i.e., BDE-47, BDE-153, and BDE-209, of which, highest concentration was of BDE-209. Among the samples, motherboard of computer showed the highest concentration of BDE-209 followed by window blind and foam from upholstery. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that PBDEs are still present in the old consumer products which can be an important additional source of exposure to the population.
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Development of a traffic noise prediction model for an urban environment(Noise and Health )
(A Sharma, GL Bodhe, G Schimak,16 (68), ,,63,Year : 2014)
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"The objective of this study is to develop a traffic noise model under diverse traffic conditions in metropolitan cities. The model has been developed to calculate equivalent traffic noise based on four input variables i.e. equivalent traffic flow (Q e ), equivalent vehicle speed (S e ) and distance (d) and honking (h). The traffic data is collected and statistically analyzed in three different cases for 15-min during morning and evening rush hours. Case I represents congested traffic where equivalent vehicle speed is <30 km/h while case II represents free-flowing traffic where equivalent vehicle speed is >30 km/h and case III represents calm traffic where no honking is recorded. The noise model showed better results than earlier developed noise model for Indian traffic conditions. A comparative assessment between present and earlier developed noise model has also been presented in the study. The model is validated with measured noise levels and the correlation coefficients between measured and predicted noise levels were found to be 0.75, 0.83 and 0.86 for case I, II and III respectively. The noise model performs reasonably well under different traffic conditions and could be implemented for traffic noise prediction at other region as well. (PDF) Development of a traffic noise prediction model for an urban environment. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260445464_Development_of_a_traffic_noise_prediction_model_for_an_urban_environment [accessed Sep 17 2018]."
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