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Remediation and Restoration of Degraded Lands due to Removal of Fertile Top Soil by the Brick Kiln Industries in India, (Year : 2016)
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No information is available
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Impact of on-site sanitation systems on the quality of ground and surface water sources, (Year : 2016)
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- To assess the impact of on-site sanitation systems on surface and groundwater quality in the selected project areas through estimation of bacteriological, physical and chemical water quality parameters
- To suggest corrective and remedial measures for prevention of contamination of water resources in case of positive evidence of contamination of water sources
- To develop guidelines for prevention and mitigation of ground and surface water contamination in and around project areas
- To evaluate the performance of Shankar-Balram type low cost sanitary latrines and to recommend their suitability for adoption in different parts of the country.
Scope of Work:
- The states to be covered are : Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal
- Identification of towns and cities from each of the above mentioned States based on local problems and short term analysis in consultation with the concerned State Government, Local body and CPHEEO
- Collection of information of water quality pertaining to each study area, before and after implementation of on-site sanitation systems, if available with local authorities, for comparison of the data generated through field study during project activities and assessment of impact
- Collection of data on soil characteristics through secondary sources in the project areas
- Monitoring of pollution indicator parameters, compilation and analysis of data on impact of on-site sanitation systems on water quality
- Establish a safe distance between on-site sanitation systems and ground water supply installation/source
- Identification of other possible sources of pollution, e.g. open defecation, sewerage, drainage, refused dumps leaching, open or unprotected wells, agricultural practices, e.g. application of fertilizers or nightsoil manure
- Delineation of sound guidelines, recommendations and action plan for monitoring, mitigation and remedial measures keeping in view aesthetics, health, environmental and economic criteria
Summary: The Government of India recommended a comprehensive study for prevention of contamination of water sources and to suggest corrective and remedial measures. The CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India has retained NEERI to carry out study on impact of on-site sanitation systems on the quality of ground and surface water sources in ten selected cities. The project commenced with reconnaissance survey. Sampling and analysis have been carried out for all the sites selected in the ten cities for the four seasons. The analysis reveals that contamination of the ground water samples is significant in regions having secondary porosity. This scenario is present in Bhopal and Indore. In contrast, in cities like Kolkata and Lucknow, where there is alluvial cover, ground water samples located close to the on-site sanitation systems are least contaminated. The findings leave scope for further studies in respect of movement of contaminants in the unsaturated zone. There is need for a comprehensive study to investigate the movement of contaminants by high resolution geophysical imaging techniques.
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2nd Maharashtra Water Supply and Sanitation Project - Water Quality Assessment, (Year : 2018)
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- To determine water quality of representative samples of dug/bore wells and public supplies of drinking water, mainly in the GPs selected for study
- To find possible correlation between the pollutants and factors influencing their appearance in the water supplies and
- To identify sources of pollution and suggest mitigation measures as deemed necessary to contain the level of contamination
Scope of Work:
Reconnaissance survey of identified villages for selection of sampling locations and collection of secondary data on water supply, agricultural practices, health and social aspects etc. Collection of a total about 300 representative samples from traditional water sources as well as taps in public water supply schemes from selected 20 villages of five districts based on the following criteria :
- Open dug wells in the agricultural field
- Open dug wells in the household backyard and at public places
- Bore wells with hand pumps
- Water at treatment plant (before and after treatment)
- Water at collection points (MWS & PWS)
- Tap water at households / schools / health centers / market place etc.
- Water stored in households
Summary:
- The chemical water quality problems in study villages are excess fluoride, iron, nitrate, TDS and hardness
- The individual pesticide levels in the samples are within the WHO guideline values regulated for drinking water
- The bacteriological analysis results indicate that 81% of the sources are positive for total coliform and out of this, 86% samples are positive for faecal coliform and 76% sources are positive for faecal streptococci.
- Not only the dug wells and surface water sources, but many hand pumps and bore wells are also bacteriologically contaminated
- The bacterial contamination of water sources may be attributed to poor sanitary condition around water sources, improper drainage facilities near hand pumps and bore wells and location of other pollution sources like cattle shed, latrine soak pit near water sources
- There is significant increase in bacterial contamination between collection at water sources and eventual use which may be attributed to unhygienic personal habits of the villagers
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Study of Arsenic Contamination in the Groundwater of Chowki Block, (Year : 2015)
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The Public Health Engineering Department, Rajnandgaon Division, Madhya Pradesh retained the Institute in May 1999, to undertake the study of arsenic contaminatioin in the ground waters of Chowki Block in District Rajnandgaon. A team of scientists from the Institute visited 154 villages of Chowki Block and collected 813 water samples from hand pumps and dug wells. These water samples were analysed for arsenic and some other physico-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, alkalinity, iron, and manganese). The analysis of arsenic was done by the Hydride Generation – Inductively Coupled Plasma (HG-ICP) spectroscopic method developed at the Institute. Out of total 813 water sources analysed, it was observed that 45 water sources in 11 villages contained arsenic above 50 μg/L, the BIS limit for arsenic in drinking water, the highest concentration being 1890 μg/L (or 1.89 mg/L). There are 129 sources which contained arsenic in the range 10 to 48 μg/L. The WHO Provisional Guideline Value for arsenic in drinking water is 10 μg/L. Thus, considering the Indian Standard specifications of BIS 10500 : 1991 there are 45 sources in the Chowki Block which exceed the limit for arsenic in drinking water, whereas there are 174 sources which exceed the limit of arsenic as per the Provisional Guideline Value of WHO. There are 122 sources in which arsenic values ranged between 2 to 9 μg/L. Remaining 157 sources showed arsenic Below Detectable Limit (BDL); the detectable limit for arsenic with HG-ICP method being 2 μg/L. Available technological options for providing arsenic free water are described in the report and recommendations have been made for future course of action.
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Water Quality Assessment of Sources for Organised Rural Water Supply in Yavatmal District in the State of Maharashtra, (Year : 2017)
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Necessity of the Study The Government of India has emphasized the objective of safe water supply to the population and desired that Maharashtra State Government to undertake water quality assessment of all the ground water sources used for public water supply schemes. Recently, it was observed that in some of the development blocks of Yavatmal district, drinking water sources have excessive fluoride, iron, nitrate and salinity. The State government had taken the cognizance of the problem and an immediate action was taken for the corrective measures through water quality assessment of all the ground water sources for organised drinking water supply in the Yavatmal district. The water supply and Sanitation Department, Govt. of Maharashtra retained NEERI to carry out this work in February 2001.
Water samples were collected from 1844 villages and hamlets from 16 talukas of the district. An average of 200 water samples were received at NEERI every day and were analyzed on the same day for the parameters of health significance viz. fluoride, iron, brackishness, nitrate and arsenic. The source specific information for above parameters is generated that acts as a hand on information for the drinking water sources and may protect the people from further impairment of the health. The work is an important resource for decision makers, administrators, water supply engineers and health professionals in Yavatmal district for design and implementation of safe rural water supply schemes. The work may also crossover the boundaries of Maharashtra and may other States and developing Nations will be benefited in their endeavor to provide safe drinking water to their people. Map of Yavatmal District Map Showing Location of Yavatmal District In Maharashtra Objectives The main objective of the project was the assessment of water quality of identified sources for organised rural water supply.
The design and construction of which was supported with high degree of enthusiasm and encouragement right from inception. Senior officers of Government of Maharashtra had detailed discussion with Director and senior scientists of NEERI to undertake the assessment of water quality and aim, objectives and modalities were formulated jointly. Water Quality Analysis An average of 200 water samples was received at NEERI every day and was analysed on the same day. The first lot of water samples was received on February 12, 2001 and samples were delivered upto April 30, 2001. As planned the schedule time for analyzing 9389 water samples was 60 working days, however, the task was completed fairly within the target period in 48 working days. A team of 30 scientists had participated in water quality analysis. Results Water Quality Data The samples were collected from 9389 sources in 1840 villages of 16 talukas of Yavatmal district and pertained to the sources categories - hand pumps (3702), open dug wells (4739), regional piped water supply schemes (275) and other piped water supply schemes (673). Sources with concentrations more than the desirable limits of TDS, fluoride, iron and nitrate can be accepted for public water supply in absence of alternate sources provided the concentration of the above parameters are within the permissible limit, viz. TDS ≤ 2000 mg/L, fluoride ≤ 1.5 mg/L, iron ≤ 1.0 mg/L and nitrate ≤ 100 mg/L. There are 5730 sources under this category. Sources exceeding the permissible limit of all the four parameters, viz. TDS > 2000 mg/L, fluoride > 1.5 mg/L, iron > 1.0 mg/L and nitrate > 100 mg/L should be discarded as per BIS specifications as far as drinking water supply is concerned. There is only one such source in Yavatmal district.
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Groundwater Modelling around Kovaya Limestone Mine, Gujarat Cement works, Amreli District, Gujarat, (Year : 2015)
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The present study deals with geophysical and groundwater modeling in the watershed covering the Ultra Tech Cement plant of the Gujarat Cement Works (GCW), which is located at Kovaya in Amreli District, Gujarat. NEERI was retained by Central Mining Research Institute CMRI (Nagpur Zonal Centre) to undertake this task. The study area is based on the concept of watershed. The Ridge on the west, the Dhatarwadi River on the east and the Arabian Sea on the south form the boundaries of the watershed. It is bounded by latitudes 20.86o to 21.00o and longitudes 71.39o to 71.49o. The study area covers all the five villages namely Kovaya, Bhakodar, Babarkot, Varaswarup and Vand, which are covered in the lease area of the GCW. The study area includes Pit1 and Pit 2, where mining operation is going on at present. Resistivity Image profiling has been undertaken in selected profiles at representative locations to examine the signatures of seawater intrusion. Groundwater Modelling has been implemented in the study area using the Visual MODFLOW Professional software (Version 4.1).
Summary of the resistivity survey:
- The groundwater analysis indicates very high values of TDS, Chloride and Sodium in the observation wells in the study area. The high values of chloride and TDS can be on account of intrusion of seawater.
- The resistivity imaging studies also indicate very low resistivity anomalies (0-3 ohm- m) in certain profiles. The distribution of this low resistivity anomaly is not simple and it is distributed in a complex form. It exhibits a diffused form.
- The depth of the very low resistivity zone varied from 4 m to 13 m in different profiles. The very low resistivity zone is more prominent in Kovaya School and Power plant site. At Pit 1, the very low resistivity zone (0-3 ohm m) starts from approximately 8m depth.
- The profile at Vand shows very low resistivity anomalies at depth more than 10 m.
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EIA of Water Resources Projects, (Year : 2015)
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1000 MW Karcham Wangtoo hydroelectric project at Distt. Kinnaur, HP 300 MV hydroelectric project at river Baspa, Distt. Kinnaur, HP EMP for silt disposal from the BSL project of BBMB Attappaddy valley irrigation project Jigaon Dam Project, Khamgaon (M.S.) Mahadayi Hydroelectric project, Karnataka state
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Study on surveillance of drinking water quality in selected cities / towns in India., (Year : 2018)
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Preamble Out of all the physical environments of man, water influences human health very prominently and significantly. Furthermore the impact of water on human health are both direct and indirect. The direct impacts of water on health are derived from the quality of water consumed and the indirect impacts pertain to the quantity used for personal, domestic and household hygiene. The general observation of the international agencies is that the impact on health caused by the poor water supply is felt the most by the urban-poor as they typically lack access to services at levels which promote good health, often use water supplies of lower quality and commonly pay more per unit volume. The low-income communities are supposed to be at the greatest risk from water-related diseases.
Surveillance of drinking water quality, SDWQ, is conceptualized as an organised programme to protect public health through the identification of inadequacies and by promoting timely implementation of action to control risks in supply of adequate quantity of water of desirable quality at affordable cost. A focus on any single issue will not be adequate to provide the information and practices essential to protect public health through safe water supply. Surveillance of drinking water quality may be defined as "the continuous and vigilant public health assessment and overview of the safety and acceptability of drinking water supplies".
Necessity of Water Quality and Surveillance Programme The impact on health caused by poor water supply is felt enormously by the urban economically weaker section of the society and hence warrants the need for surveillance programmes to focus mainly on the weaker group of the society. Water quality is a key factor in promoting good health as water may contain disease-causing microorganisms (pathogens) or chemicals that are toxic. The principal concern is microbiological quality of water and more particularly so when pathogens derived from faeces are found in the water. Such pathogens cause a number of diseases, often affecting very large number of people over a short period of time. Many of these diseases, such as cholera, typhoid and dysentery may cause severe symptoms in patients and in some cases are fatal. Small children in particular are often vulnerable to diseases caused by such pathogens as reflected in high infant mortality and morbidity rates in many developing countries.
A detailed physico-chemical analysis followed by systematic monitoring of microbiological quality should be performed before any water source is used for supply to the community. This is not the direct responsibility of the surveillance agency, but it should be ensured and the results, should be reviewed. In few of the above, Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation, Government of India retained the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) to carryout, "Study on Surveillance of Drinking Water Quality in 25 Selected Cities/Towns in India".
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Water Quality Assessment of Sources for Organised Rural Water Supply in Yavatmal District in the State of Maharashtra, (Year : 2015)
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Necessity of the Study The Government of India has emphasized the objective of safe water supply to the population and desired that Maharashtra State Government to undertake water quality assessment of all the ground water sources used for public water supply schemes. Recently, it was observed that in some of the development blocks of Yavatmal district, drinking water sources have excessive fluoride, iron, nitrate and salinity. The State government had taken the cognizance of the problem and an immediate action was taken for the corrective measures through water quality assessment of all the ground water sources for organised drinking water supply in the Yavatmal district. The water supply and Sanitation Department, Govt. of Maharashtra retained NEERI to carry out this work in February 2001.
Water samples were collected from 1844 villages and hamlets from 16 talukas of the district. An average of 200 water samples were received at NEERI every day and were analyzed on the same day for the parameters of health significance viz. fluoride, iron, brackishness, nitrate and arsenic. The source specific information for above parameters is generated that acts as a hand on information for the drinking water sources and may protect the people from further impairment of the health. The work is an important resource for decision makers, administrators, water supply engineers and health professionals in Yavatmal district for design and implementation of safe rural water supply schemes. The work may also crossover the boundaries of Maharashtra and may other States and developing Nations will be benefited in their endeavor to provide safe drinking water to their people. Map of Yavatmal District Map Showing Location of Yavatmal District In Maharashtra Objectives The main objective of the project was the assessment of water quality of identified sources for organised rural water supply.
The design and construction of which was supported with high degree of enthusiasm and encouragement right from inception. Senior officers of Government of Maharashtra had detailed discussion with Director and senior scientists of NEERI to undertake the assessment of water quality and aim, objectives and modalities were formulated jointly. Water Quality Analysis An average of 200 water samples was received at NEERI every day and was analysed on the same day. The first lot of water samples was received on February 12, 2001 and samples were delivered upto April 30, 2001. As planned the schedule time for analyzing 9389 water samples was 60 working days, however, the task was completed fairly within the target period in 48 working days. A team of 30 scientists had participated in water quality analysis. Results Water Quality Data The samples were collected from 9389 sources in 1840 villages of 16 talukas of Yavatmal district and pertained to the sources categories - hand pumps (3702), open dug wells (4739), regional piped water supply schemes (275) and other piped water supply schemes (673). Sources with concentrations more than the desirable limits of TDS, fluoride, iron and nitrate can be accepted for public water supply in absence of alternate sources provided the concentration of the above parameters are within the permissible limit, viz. TDS ≤ 2000 mg/L, fluoride ≤ 1.5 mg/L, iron ≤ 1.0 mg/L and nitrate ≤ 100 mg/L. There are 5730 sources under this category. Sources exceeding the permissible limit of all the four parameters, viz. TDS > 2000 mg/L, fluoride > 1.5 mg/L, iron > 1.0 mg/L and nitrate > 100 mg/L should be discarded as per BIS specifications as far as drinking water supply is concerned. There is only one such source in Yavatmal district.
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Assessment of Status of Water Quality testing Laboratories, (Year : 2016)
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There are number of water quality testing laboratories located with different agencies at different places within the country but not many people know about them and the capabilities are rather unknown. Even the departments within the system are not always aware of the strength and weaknesses of their laboratories. It was also observed that not all laboratories are optimally utilized. Keeping these issues in view it is planned to develop a directory of water quality testing laboratories. The list will include laboratories available with Public Health Engineering Departments, Water Boards, Ground Water Boards & Pollution Control Boards both at center and at state level, Food laboratories at center and state level, CSIR laboratories and laboratories available with Health Department at state and district level and ICMR institutions and Engineering Colleges. Format for compilation of the results and 51 parameters for testing drinking water quality have been identified and study area is delineated.NEERI in Collaboration with World Health Organization decided to undertake the studies of water quality testing laboratories and assessment of their status.
Aims & Objectives :
The detailed objectives are :
- Development of a directory of drinking water quality laboratories.
- Assessment of current status of drinking water quality testing laboratories. It includes quality of water being tested, frequency of water quality examinations at raw water source, treatment plant, distribution system & consumer point.
- Identification of deficiencies in the existing system.
- Suggest detailed remedial measures / action plan to improve upon the present system.
Scope of Work:
- Prepare list of water quality testing laboratories in - Andhra Pradesh - Chhattisgarh - Daman and Diu - Goa - Gujarat - Karnataka - Kerala - Lakshadweep - Madhya Pradesh - Maharashtra - Pondichery - Rajasthan - Tamil Nadu
- Under the control of - State Pollution Control Board - Public Health Engineering Department - Engineering Colleges in the region
- List of laboratories includes all the parameters of drinking water quality analysed by the laboratory out of total 51 identified parameters
- List of equipment and category wise strength of personnel in the laboratory is also provided. Methodology
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