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Transformation of azo dyes during wet heat sterilization-A source of error in typical microbial decolorization experiments(International Journal of Environmental Pollution)
(Nishant Dafale, Satish Wate, Sudhir Meshram & Nageshwara Rao
,431-3,,264-273,Year : 2010)
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Dye degradation has gained attention of late due to indiscriminate disposal from user industries. Enhancing efficiency of biological treatment provides a cheaper alternative vis-à-vis other advanced technologies. Dye molecules are metabolized biologically via anoxic and oxic treatments. In this study, bacterial community surviving on dye effluent working in anoxic–oxic bioreactor was analyzed using 16S rDNA approach. Azo-dye decolorizing and degrading bacterial community was enriched in lab-scale two-stage anoxic–oxic bioreactor. 16S rDNA metagenomic libraries of enriched population were constructed, screened and phylogenetically analyzed separately. Removal of ∼35% COD with complete decolorization was observed in anoxic bioreactor. Process was carried out by uncultured gamma proteobacterium constituting 48% of the total population and 12% clones having homology to Klebsiella. Aromatic amines generated during partial treatment under anoxic bioreactor were treated by aerobic population having 72% unculturable unidentified bacterium and rest of the population consisting of Thauera sp., Pseudoxanthomonassp., Desulfomicrobium sp., Ottowia sp., Acidovorax sp., and Bacteriodetes bacteriumsp. This paper presents the role of moist heat sterilisation in decolourisation of azo dyes during autoclaving itself, thereby leading to over estimation of actual decolourisation through subsequent microbial process. This surprise phenomenon was probed in detail by studying the effects of temperature, pressure and role of electron donor/carbon sources on decolourisation. In the presence of 10 g/litre glucose, 75% decolourisation of Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) dye was observed after autoclaving of medium at 121°C for 15 min at 15 psi. Studies repeated with other azo dyes revealed that Reactive Orange 16 (RO-16) was affected by autoclaving whereas Reactive Red 11 (RR-11) and Reactive Red 141 (RR-141) did not show significant decolourisation. The reduction of dye was dependent on concentration of electron donor/carbon source and autoclave conditions. The results indicate that investigators must screen the dyes for decolourisation during autoclaving and choose the appropriate means of sterilisation to remove the artifice or incorporate correction factor for dye concentration at the start of experiment.
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Advanced oxidation processes based on zero-valent aluminium for treating textile wastewater(Chemical Engineering Journal)
(Jayraj Khatri, P.V. Nidheesh, T.S. Anantha Singh, M. Suresh Kumar,348,,67-73,Year : 2018)
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Treatment of textile wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on zero-valent aluminium (ZVAl) were carried out in the present study. COD removal efficiencies of ZVAl/O2, ZVAl/Fe3+/O2, ZVAl/Fe3+/O2/H2O2 and ZVAl/Fe3+ /O2/persulfate processes were monitored and optimized. Colour and ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiencies of each process at the optimal operating conditions were compared. Pollutant removal efficiencies of AOPs were followed the order as: ZVAl/Fe3+/O2/H2O2> ZVAl/Fe3+/O2/persulfate > ZVAl/Fe3+/O2> ZVAl/O2. Maximum COD, colour and ammoniacal nitrogen removal e?ciencies of ZVAl-based AOPs were found as 97.9%, 94.4% and 58.3%, respectively at 1 g/L ZVAl, 0.5 g/L Fe3+, 6.7 g/L H2O2 and after 3 h of contact time. External addition of tert-butyl alcohol to the processes revealed that in-situ hydroxyl and sulfate radicals are the main oxidants responsible for the oxidation of pollutants. Overall, ZVAl-based AOPs are efficient for treating effuents generating from textile industry.
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Specific model for the estimation of methane emission form municipal solid waste landfills in India(Bioresource Technology)
(Kumar, S., Nimchuk, N., Kumar, R., Zeitsman, J., Tara, R., Spiegelman, C., & Kenney, M.,216, ,,981-987,Year : 2016)
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No information is available
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals in mosquito coil and coilash: are the concentrations alarming(International Journal of Environment and Pollution)
(Majumdar, Deepanjan, Maske, N., Kamal, N.
,611,,46-63,Year : 2017)
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Unmanaged mosquito coil ash could be regarded as a possible source of metal and PAH contamination in households but such risk is generally overlooked. Therefore, to address this issue, polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals were estimated in the ash generated by a few popular mosquito coils marketed in India. The detected concentration range of PAHs in coil ash samples was 8 (Benz(a) anthracene) to 2925 ng g-1 ash (Phenanthrene) while metal concentration ranged from 0.1 (Cd) to 28366 µg g-1 ash (Fe). In the coil base material, concentration of metals ranged from 0.1 (cd) to 3193.0 (Fe) µg g-1 coil powder, indicating substantial magnification of metal concentration in coil ash over coil base material. The study indicated that mosquito coil ash could be an important source of metal and PAH contamination in households and hence should be carefully managed.
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Three-stage biological system for treatment of coke oven effluent(J. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste)
(Maneesh, N., Bhuvanesh, S., Shaikh Z.A., Sreekrishnan T.R., Mazumdar, S.M., Choubey, M. J. ,22(3),,04018012,Year : 2018)
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A three-stage continuous biological treatment system has been developed for removal of cyanide, phenol, organics, and ammonia from a coke oven effluent. Two stages of activated sludge treatment with completely mixed aeration tanks followed by a hybrid anoxic reactor, in series, were used. The hybrid anoxic reactor uses self-immobilized microbial biomass (granular sludge) under fluidized conditions. A 50??L/day pilot plant was evaluated for a period of over 6 months to monitor organics, ammonia, phenol, and cyanide removal. The activated sludge treatment systems were operated at a hydraulic retention time of 1 day and the hybrid reactor at 16 h. Major constituents of the effluent used in the study were cyanide (9–33??mg/L), phenol (21–235??mg/L), ammoniacal nitrogen (400–1,600??mg?NH3-N/L), organic load [400–1,500 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L], and nitrate nitrogen (0–90??mg?NO3-N/L). Removal efficiencies were around 90% for organic load, 88% for ammoniacal nitrogen, 100% for nitrate nitrogen, and almost 99 and 100% for cyanide and phenol, respectively. The process is presently being scaled up to 1,000 L per day.
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Geostatistical assessment of nitrate in groundwater of Puri city, India(Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering)
(K. Narendra Varma, Ritesh Vijay R. A. Sohony ,,54,2,227-233,Year : 2012)
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Groundwater quality is a major concern for assuring safe public health in terms of nitrate concentration. The objective of study was precise modeling of spatial variation of nitrate in groundwater using geostatistical analysis. To account for the uncertainty of the prediction, Kriging interpolation method was applied. The best Kriging method and semivariogram model were identified with optimum values of parameters to model the nitrate variation in groundwater. Accuracy of model was checked by error gauges and consistency of ground truth values with predicted values. Finally prediction and error maps of nitrate in groundwater were generated using Ordinary Kriging. The study reflects the importance of quality data and significance of geostatistical analysis f
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Framework for mathematical modeling of Soil-Tree system(Modeling Earth Systems and Environment)
(Kadaverugu, R.,117,, p.1-13.,Year : 2015)
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No information is available
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Composting of municipal solid waste for carbon credits - A case study from India" Waste Management(Waste Management)
(Sharma, R., Delebarre, A. and Alappat, B.,34, ,,III-IV ,Year : 2014)
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No information is available
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Development and Implementation of a Water Safety Plan for a large piped Water Supply(Int. Journal of Env. Health and Research)
(Anisha Nizhawan, Priyanka Jain, Manish V. Rahate, Pawan Labhasetwar,,,,Year : 2012)
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No information is available
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Real time Ambient Air Quality Status During Diwali Festival in Central, India(Environment Science)
(Nigam, S; Rao, P.S.; Mandal, N. K.; Kumar, N; Chauhan, C; Maishlkar, V. A.; Mishra, P. N.,05,Issue 3/4,,Year : 2016)
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In India, festivals are celebrated with lot of enthusiasm and Diwali is the major festival of light. In this festival, houses are illuminated by lights and sky is illuminated by fireworks. These fireworks though create lot of amusement but also pollute the atmosphere in terms of air pollution. The continuous air pollution monitoring was undertaken during Diwali festival (2014) at residential site NEERI, Nagpur. Air quality parameters were compared with CPCB standard. On Diwali day, PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentration achieve its highest value of 900 µg/m 3 and 950 respectively µg/m 3. This high concentration is maintained in atmosphere for two days of this festival in atmosphere which is approximately 8-9 times more than that regulatory standard. These particles carry all the components of the cracker including heavy metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth and change the atmosphere with positive and negative ions apart from impaction of sulfur and other acid gases to the atmosphere
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Biosorption of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4+) from aqueous solutions with low cost biomaterials: Kinetics and optimization of contact time(The International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology)
(N Mansuri, Kalpana Mody,,,1711-1722,Year : 2014)
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The biosorption of ammoniacal nitrogen (NNH4 ) from aqueous solutions by dead biomass of brown seaweed Cystoseira indica and Jatropha oil cake (JOC), which is generated in the process of biodiesel recovery from its seeds, was studied under diverse experimental conditions. The N-NH4 biosorption was strictly pH dependent, and maximum uptake capacity of C. indica (15.21 mg/g) and JOC (13.59 mg/g) was observed at initial pH 7 and 3, respectively. For each biosorbent–N-NH4 system, kinetic models were applied to the experimental data to examine the mechanisms of sorption and potential rate-controlling steps. The generalized rate model and pseudo-second-order kinetic models described the biosorption kinetics accurately, and the sorption process was found to be controlled by pore and surface diffusion for these biosorbents. Results of four-stage batch biosorber design analysis revealed that the required time for the 99 % efficiency removal of 40 mg/L N-NH4 from 500 L of aqueous solution were 76 and 96 min for C. indica and JOC, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis before and after biosorption of ammonium onto C. indica and JOC revealed involvement of carboxylic and hydroxyl functional groups.
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Study of prophages in Lactobacillus species(CiiT International Journal of Automation and Autonomous System)
(S. G. Sanmukh, W. N. Paunikar,,,,Year : 2012)
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No information is available
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Yersinia Phages and their Novel Proteins(CiiT International Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Engineering)
(S. G. Sanmukh, W. N. Paunikar,,,,Year : 2012)
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No information is available
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Air Quality Prediction and Model Performance Evaluation(Indian Assocation of Environment Management)
(A.D.Bhanarkar, S.K.Goyal and S.K.Gadkari ,Vol. 26 (3),,p. 163-167,Year : 2016)
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No information is available
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Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) and childhood leukemia near transmission lines: A review(Journal of Advanced Electromagnetics)
(A. K. Mishra,,,,Year : 2016)
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No information is available
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Comparison and performance evaluation of line source models used for vehicular pollution prediction ( Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science)
(K. Thanasekaran ,Vol. 127,No.6,p. 524-530,Year : 2016)
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No information is available
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Bioremediation of wastewater containing azo dyes using sequential anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor system and its biodiversity(Environmental Reviews)
(Nishant Dafale, Satish Wate, Sudhir Meshram & Nageshwara Rao
,18,,21-36,Year : 2010)
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Wide range of dyes and dyestuffs used in textile manufacturing are xenobiotic compounds and attract stricter to strict environmental regulations. The ability of microbial consortia to decolorize and metabolize dyes has long been known, and the use of bioremediation based technologies for treating textile wastewater has attracted interest. These dyes are decolorized by microbial consortia but technologies for their complete mineralization are still not developed. The most logical concept for the removal of azo dyes in biological wastewater treatment systems is based on anaerobic treatment, for the reductive decolorization, in combination with aerobic treatment, for the degradation of the by-products (aromatic amines) generated in the anaerobic bioreactor. Several research and review articles were published on anaerobic decolorization; however, research on complete mineralization of dyes through sequential anaerobic–aerobic bioreactors has received greater attention recently. Bioremediation through sequential anaerobic–aerobic bioreactor system has been reviewed in this article with critical appraisal using data generated through our experiments. While reviewing this work, we realized the importance of microbial diversity in a treatment unit to better understand the functional status to enhance the mineralization activity of the bioreactor.
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Iron impregnated biochars as heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the degradation of acid red 1 dye(Journal of Environmental Management)
(K.K. Rubeena, P. Hari Prasad Reddy, A.R. Laiju, P.V. Nidheesh,226,,320-328,Year : 2018)
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In the present work, Acid Red 1 (AR1) dye degradation by two heterogeneous Fenton catalysts, namely iron loaded rice husk biochar (Fe-RHB) and coir pith biochar (Fe-CPB) are studied. Biochar prepared from RHB and CPB were sonicated in the presence of ferric nitrate for the synthesis of Fe-RHB and Fe-CPB by incipient impregnation ethod. E?ect of operational parameters such as pH, the dosage of catalyst, H2O2 concentration and temperature were examined. Characterization of the synthesized Fenton catalyst, Fe-RHB and Fe-CPB were analysed by SEM, EDS, XRD and XPS techniques. In Fe-RHB Fenton system, maximum dye removal e?ciency of 97.6% and TOC removal e?ciency of 84.2% were obtained at pH 3 for 50 mg L-1 of AR1 concentration, with 16 mM of H2O2 and 5 g L-1 of catalyst dosage within 120 min reaction time. Similarly, for Fe-CPB, maximum dye removal e?ciency of 99.1% and TOC removal e?ciency of 86.7% were obtained with 16 mM of H2O2 and 4gL-1 of dosage for 50 mg L-1 of initial dye concentration at pH 3. The prepared catalysts can be reused for successive cycles as the catalyst materials are highly stable and have very less iron leaching property.
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Enhanced performances of the aerobic landfill reactor by augmentation of manganese peroxidise(Bioresource Technology)
(Bartholameuz, E.M., Hettiaratchi, J.P.A., &Kumar, S.,,218, ,,46-52,Year : 2016)
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The aim of the work discussed in this article was to determine the ability of an MnP augmented aerobic waste cell to reach stable conditions rapidly in terms of gas production, nutrient content and cellulose and hemicellulose to lignin ratio (C + H/L). Two types of experiments were conducted; small batch and laboratory scale lysimeter experiments. Results from batch experiments showed that enzyme added treatments have the capability to reach a stable C + H/L and lower gas production rates, faster than the treatments without enzyme addition. Enzyme enhancement of the lysimeter increased the rate of biodegradability of the waste; gas production increased more than two times and there was clear evidence of increase in nutrients (nitrogen, dissolved carbon, biological oxygen demand) in the lysimeter leachate.
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Inter-seasonal and spatial distribution of ground-level greenhouse gases(CO2, CH4, N2O) over Nagpur in India and their management roadmap(Environmental Monitoring andAssessment)
(Majumdar, Deepanjan, Rao, P., Maske, N.,189(3),,121,Year : 2017)
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Ground level concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were monitored over three seasons i.e. post-monsoon (September-October), winter (January-February) and summer (May-June) for 1 year during 2013-2014 in Nagpur city in India. The selected gases had low to moderate variation both spatially (residential, commercial, traffic intersections, residential cum commercial sites) and temporally (at 7:00, 13:00; 18:00 and 23:00 h in all three seasons). Concentrations of gases were randomly distributed diurnally over city in all seasons and there was no specific increasing or decreasing trend with time in a day. Average CO2 and N2O concentrations in winter were higher over post-monsoon and summer while CH4 had highest average concentration in summer. Observed concentrations of CO2 were predominantly above global average of 400 ppmv while N2O and CH4 concentrations frequently dropped down below global average of 327 ppbv and 1.8 ppmv, respectively. Two tailed Student’s ‘t’ test indicated that post-monsoon CO2 concentrations were statistically different from summer but not so from winter while difference between summer and winter concentrations was statistically significant (P<0.05). CH4 concentrations in all seasons were statistically at par to each other. In case of N2O, concentrations in post-monsoon were statistically different from summer but not so from winter, while difference between summer and winter concentrations was statistically significant (P<0.05). Average ground level concentrations of the gases calculated for 3 seasons together were higher in commercial areas. Environmental management priorities vis a vis greenhouse gas emissions in the city are also discussed.
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