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Evaluation of noise barriers based on geometries and materials: A review (Environmental Science and Pollution Research)
(Chaitanya Thakre, Vijaya Laxmi, Ritesh Vijay,Accepted ,,,Year : 2021)
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The acoustical properties of a barrier are highly dependent on the physical properties of the material and the internal structure of the material. The acoustical material can curtail the quality of sound or enhance the dispersion, depends on the application being considered. The efficient acoustic performance of noise barriers possessing different shapes and materials including waste materials are reviewed for field implementation to achieve the low-cost sustainable noise barrier application in the Indian context. The review analysis of research papers demonstrates that the acoustic performance of barriers is dependent on different shapes, materials, textures as well as onsite geometry.? Based on the review study, T-shaped barriers with a soft top surface are found to be efficient at noise attenuation. For transparent barriers, perceived loudness and noise annoyance are assessed lower than that for opaque barriers and utilization of waste materials viz. plastic, rubber, bottom coal ash etc. gives high noise attenuation along with low-cost efficiency. Noise pollution levels are high from prescribed noise limits in most of the Indian metropolitan cities. The Indian government is working on mitigation strategies of noise pollution as well as abiding laws regarding noise standards for the zone (residential, industrial, commercial and silences) wise. In contrast, some communities which are adjacent to roads are suffering from high noise levels in the ambience. Therefore, it requires a coherent strategy for long term measures intended at minimizing exposure of noise hence providing much more comfortable to live, work, and shop near high-traffic roads. Noise barriers are highly beneficial in mitigating the emitted noise from the traffic.??
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Assessment of water quality at the source and water distribution system during dry season in Kannad city of Maharashtra(Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering)
(Koustubh Karande Shalini Tandon, Ojaswikrishna Dube
S. Dudhwadkar
Ritesh Vijay
,,,,Year : 2021)
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No information is available
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Prevalence of water-borne diseases in western India: dependency on the quality of potable water and personal hygiene practices(Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, )
(K. Karande,
Shalini Tandon,
Ritesh Vijay,
Sunali Khanna, Tuhin Banerji
Y. Sontakke
,,,,Year : 2021)
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No information is available
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Understanding COVID?19 transmission, health impacts
and mitigation: timely social distancing is the key
(Environment, Development and Sustainability)
(Satinder Kaur
Hemant Bherwani
Sunil Gulia
Ritesh Vijay
Rakesh Kumar
,,,,Year : 2020)
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No information is available
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Zooplankton diversity as indicators of pollution in warm monomictic Dal(Sustainable Water Resources Management)
(Dilip Meshram, D Catherine, N. Badhe, Snehal Khedkar, Ritesh Vijay Tapas Nandy ,Vol(4) Issue (4) Pages(897?904),,,Year : 2018)
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The study aimed to assess the zooplankton diversity in Dal?Nigeen lake located in Srinagar, India. Zooplankton is a secondary producer which acts as the intermediate link between phytoplankton and fish in aquatic environment. Zooplankton diversity in the lake was monitored during autumn 2012 and summer 2013. Among zooplankton single species belonging to protozoa, 11 species to rotifera, 3 species to cladocera, and 2 species with single larval stage belonging to copepod were identified. Percent composition of zooplankton communities revealed that rotifera was the most dominant group followed by copepoda in summer, while rotifera was the most dominant group followed by cladocera in autumn season. The Shannon?Wiener diversity index (SWI) in summer varied from 1.29 to 3.63 and from 1.43 to 3.67 in autumn indicating moderate-to-good level of zooplankton diversity in the lake and low-to-medium impact of organic pollution from the anthropogenic activities. The study indicates that species abundance was lower in summer as compared to autumn season which may be due thereby to variation in environmental characteristics of the lake water.
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Zooplankton diversity as indicators of pollution in warm monomictic Dal(Sustainable Water Resources Management)
(Dilip Meshram, D Catherine, N. Badhe, Snehal Khedkar, Ritesh Vijay Tapas Nandy ,Vol(4) Issue (4) Pages(897?904),,,Year : 2018)
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The study aimed to assess the zooplankton diversity in Dal?Nigeen lake located in Srinagar, India. Zooplankton is a secondary producer which acts as the intermediate link between phytoplankton and fish in aquatic environment. Zooplankton diversity in the lake was monitored during autumn 2012 and summer 2013. Among zooplankton single species belonging to protozoa, 11 species to rotifera, 3 species to cladocera, and 2 species with single larval stage belonging to copepod were identified. Percent composition of zooplankton communities revealed that rotifera was the most dominant group followed by copepoda in summer, while rotifera was the most dominant group followed by cladocera in autumn season. The Shannon?Wiener diversity index (SWI) in summer varied from 1.29 to 3.63 and from 1.43 to 3.67 in autumn indicating moderate-to-good level of zooplankton diversity in the lake and low-to-medium impact of organic pollution from the anthropogenic activities. The study indicates that species abundance was lower in summer as compared to autumn season which may be due thereby to variation in environmental characteristics of the lake water.
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Zooplankton diversity as indicators of pollution in warm monomictic Dal(Sustainable Water Resources Management)
(Dilip Meshram, D Catherine, N. Badhe, Snehal Khedkar, Ritesh Vijay Tapas Nandy ,Vol(4) Issue (4) Pages(897?904),,,Year : 2018)
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The study aimed to assess the zooplankton diversity in Dal?Nigeen lake located in Srinagar, India. Zooplankton is a secondary producer which acts as the intermediate link between phytoplankton and fish in aquatic environment. Zooplankton diversity in the lake was monitored during autumn 2012 and summer 2013. Among zooplankton single species belonging to protozoa, 11 species to rotifera, 3 species to cladocera, and 2 species with single larval stage belonging to copepod were identified. Percent composition of zooplankton communities revealed that rotifera was the most dominant group followed by copepoda in summer, while rotifera was the most dominant group followed by cladocera in autumn season. The Shannon?Wiener diversity index (SWI) in summer varied from 1.29 to 3.63 and from 1.43 to 3.67 in autumn indicating moderate-to-good level of zooplankton diversity in the lake and low-to-medium impact of organic pollution from the anthropogenic activities. The study indicates that species abundance was lower in summer as compared to autumn season which may be due thereby to variation in environmental characteristics of the lake water.
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Book Chapter- Worldwide business model-environmental and financial aspects. (Submitted and accepted)(Current Developments in Biotechnology & Bioengineering: Waste Treatment Processes for Energy Generation.)
(,,,,Year : 2018)
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Waste-to-Energy is emerging as an attractive business option due to huge quantities of waste being generated today. Landfilling is now being viewed as environmentally unfavourable because it contributes to GHG emissions and also requires huge areas of land, which may not be possible in small countries or countries with high densities of population. Moreover, large fractions of waste generated have huge energy potential which might get lost if sent to landfill. Waste-to-Energy business is still in its early stages in many parts of the world and the business models are yet to be optimised for successful option. In this chapter, business models practised in various parts of the world in Waste-to-Energy business have been explored and both their financial and environmental aspects have been dealt with. The drivers of such businesses and the problems associated with them have been studied using examples of practices in various countries. One major conclusion is that there is a huge potential of revenue through energy generation from waste but most of the countries suffer from poor waste management practices and little or no incentives to establish such businesses. There exist a variety of models which can be implemented both in poor countries such as those of Africa and rich countries such as those of Europe. Government regulations, laws, incentives and support are highly important to the growth of Waste-to-Energy businesses and play a major role in choosing the right kind of business model. The best business model for a particular region should be designed considering these factors as well as the environmental impacts.
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Impact of sewage discharges on coastal water quality Mumbai, India: present and future scenarios(Environment Monitoring and Assessment)
(Ritesh Vijay, Trupti Mardikar , Rakesh Kumar ,Vol(188) Issue(7) Pages(420),,,Year : 2016)
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The simulation study assesses the impact of sewage discharges on the present and predicted water quality of the Mumbai coast using MIKE 21. Water quality parameters in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and faecal coliform (FC) are checked against specified standards. The simulation is validated for the present coastal hydrodynamics and observed water quality parameters. The validated model is further used for predicting scenarios in terms of upgradation in a pumping station and improvement in wastewater collection, treatment level and disposal systems. The water quality of the existing coastal environment does not conform to the stipulated standards but improves considerably in the prediction scenarios. However, despite a marked improvement in FC, it is not as per desired standards as no treatment for bacteria removal is considered. The simulation study emphasizes the need for exploring options like the reuse or recycle of treated effluent, as an effort for water conservation.
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Impact of Sewage Discharges on Coastal Water Quality Mumbai, India: Present and Future Scenarios. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment)
(Ritesh Vijay, Trupti Mardikar , Rakesh Kumar,Vol. 188,,420,Year : 2016)
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The simulation study assesses the impact of sewage discharges on the present and predicted water quality of the Mumbai coast using MIKE 21. Water quality parameters in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and faecal coliform (FC) are checked against specified standards. The simulation is validated for the present coastal hydrodynamics and observed water quality parameters. The validated model is further used for predicting scenarios in terms of upgradation in a pumping station and improvement in wastewater collection, treatment level and disposal systems. The water quality of the existing coastal environment does not conform to the stipulated standards but improves considerably in the prediction scenarios. However, despite a marked improvement in FC, it is not as per desired standards as no treatment for bacteria removal is considered. The simulation study emphasizes the need for exploring options like the reuse or recycle of treated effluent, as an effort for water conservation.
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Assessment of Tourism Impact on Land Use Land Cover and Natural Slope in Manali, India: A Geospatial Analysis(Environmental Earth Sciences)
(S. R. Wate, Vikash K. Kushwaha, Ardhendu S. Chaudhury, Kasturi Naik,Vol. 7520,,,Year : 2016)
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Demand for tourism has increased the pressure on hill stations and is becoming a major concern for change in land use/land cover in Manali, India. A geospatial approach has been applied in the present study to assess the impact of tourism on land use/land cover and natural slope. For this, satellite images of 1989, 2000, 2005 and 2012 were used for change detection and ASTER digital elevation model was used for slope analysis. Impact of tourism in the study area was assessed through change in built-up and its sprawl on various slope classes over the years. Built-upincreased from 4.7 to 15.7 % during 1989–2012 indicating fast growing development in the area. At the same time, exponential increase in number of tourists from 1.4 to 28 lakhs from 1980 to 2011, respectively, confirms excessive pressure of tourism in the study area. Even, the number of hotels has increased over the years. Built-up is observed in gentle slope to very steep slope and increasing year by year. Since the study area is prone to landslide and an increment in built-up especially in extreme, steep and very steep slope becomes a matter of grave concern. This study suggests immediate attention of city developers and planners to achieve the long-term viability of tourism industry through sustainable developments.
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Air Quality Mapping using GIS and Economic Evaluation of Health Impact for Mumbai City, India(Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association)
(Awkash Kumar, Jorgen Brandt, Anil Kumar Dikshit and Rashmi S Patil,66,5,470-481,Year : 2016)
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Mumbai, a highly populated city in India, has been selected for air quality mapping and assessment of health impact using monitored air quality data. Air quality monitoring networks in Mumbai are operated by National Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), and Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). A monitoring station represents air quality at a particular location, while we need spatial variation for air quality management. Here, air quality monitored data of NEERI and BMC were spatially interpolated using various inbuilt interpolation techniques of ArcGIS. Inverse distance weighting (IDW), Kriging (spherical and Gaussian), and spline techniques have been applied for spatial interpolation for this study. The interpolated results of air pollutants sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were compared with air quality data of MPCB in the same region. Comparison of results showed good agreement for predicted values using IDW and Kriging with observed data. Subsequently, health impact assessment of a ward was carried out based on total population of the ward and air quality monitored data within the ward. Finally, health cost within a ward was estimated on the basis of exposed population. This study helps to estimate the valuation of health damage due to air pollution.
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Arsenic removal from drinking water by electrocoagulation using iron electrodes-an understanding of the process parameters(Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering )
(Banerji, Tuhin,4,4,3990-4000,Year : 2016)
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Various methods exist for arsenic removal from water, but most are not viable as they require addition of oxidants and use adsorbents which have limited adsorption capacities. Electrocoagulation using iron electrodes (ECFe) is a promising technology for arsenic removal. Efficiency of arsenic removal by ECFe may be affected by parameters such as pH, current intensity, initial arsenic concentration and co-occurring ions like phosphate, silicate, natural organic matter (NOM), bicarbonate, sulphate, nitrate and chloride but the causal action is not well understood. Thus experiments were designed and carried out to observe these effects and get a better understanding of ECFe. The results indicate that the oxidation of Fe(II) generated during ECFe is essential for high efficiency (with respect to iron dose) of arsenic removal. Lower current intensities and pH7 were found to be most efficient for arsenic removal per unit weight of iron dissolved. Observations indicate that arsenic reacts with ferric (hydr)oxides and phosphate complexes with Fe(II). With time these complexes and precipitates are reordered to give a much higher affinity of iron (hydr)oxides for phosphate. Silicate, upto 20 mg/L, had negligible effect but at 30 mg/L was seen to reduce arsenic removal by ECFe. Increasing NOM concentrations also reduced arsenic removal but bicarbonate, sulphate, nitrate and chloride had no effect on arsenic removal by ECFe. Presence of old ferric (hydr)oxides in the reactor led to lesser requirement of Fe(II) to achieve less than 10 ppb concentration as it promoted interfacial reactions. Formation of FeAsO4 was observed by FTIR analysis of the precipitates.
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Flow visualization of pollutant mixing in freshwater body near the density maximum(Hydrology: Current Research, proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology)
(Tapas Nandy,
Malay Goel,
Ankit Gupta and
Ritesh Vijay,
,Vol(5),Issue(4),Pages(86),,,Year : 2014)
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No information is available
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Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles(Journal of Nanoparticles)
(,Vol. 2014,,,Year : 2014)
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In the recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a state-of-the-art and cutting edge technology with multifarious applications in a wide array of fields. It is a very broad area comprising of nanomaterials, nanotools, and nanodevices. Amongst nanomaterials, majority of the research has mainly focused on nanoparticles as they can be easily prepared and manipulated. Physical and chemical methods are conventionally used for the synthesis of nanoparticles; however, due to several limitations of these methods, research focus has recently shifted towards the development of clean and eco-friendly synthesis protocols. Magnetic nanoparticles constitute an important class of inorganic nanoparticles, which find applications in different areas by virtue of their several unique properties. Nevertheless, in comparison with biological synthesis protocols for noble metal nanoparticles, limited study has been carried out with respect to biological synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. This review focuses on various studies outlining the novel routes for biosynthesis of these nanoparticles by plant resources along with outlining the future scope of work in this area.
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Development of Particulate Matter Speciation Profiles for Major Sources in Six Cities in India(Atmospheric Research)
(Rashmi S. Patil, Ratish Menon, Munna Kumar Shah and Virendra Sethi,Vol. 132-133,,1-11,Year : 2013)
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A nationwide study was carried out to develop air pollution source profiles specific to India. Chemical speciation profiles are reported for 27 major non-vehicular sources of particulate matter (combustion and non-combustion) in six cities in India viz. Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Kanpur, Mumbai and Pune. PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected from these sources using three different modes of sampling viz. dilution, resuspension and source dominated sampling, depending on the nature of the source. Filter samples were analyzed for mass by gravimetric analysis, elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), water soluble ions by ion chromatography and elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC) by thermal/optical reflectance. Reported profiles include 39 elements, 12 ions, EC and OC. Developed profiles are compared with similar profiles that have been reported previously.
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Water Quality Analysis of Surface Water: A Web Approach(Environmental Monitoring and Assessment)
(Meenal Chourasia,185(7) ,,5987-5992,Year : 2013)
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The chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water with respect to its suitability describe its quality. Concentration of pesticides or fertilisers degrades the water quality and affects marine life. A comprehensive environmental data information system helps to perform and complete common tasks in less time with less effort for data verification, data calculations, graph generation, and proper monitoring, which helps in the further mitigation step. In this paper, focus is given to a web-based system developed to express the quality of water in the imprecise environment of monitoring data. Water samples were analyzed for eight different surface water parameters, in which four parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and fecal coliform were used for the water quality index calculation following MPCB Water Quality Standards of class A-II for best designated use. The analysis showed that river points in a particular year were in very bad category with certainty level of 0-38% which is unsuitable for drinking purposes; samples in bad category had certainty level that ranged from 38 to 50%; samples in medium to good category had certainty levels from 50 to 100%, and the remaining samples were in good to excellent category, suitable for drinking purposes, with certainty levels from 63 to 100%.
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Friedel–Crafts green alkylation of xylenes with tert-butanol over mesoporous superacid UDCaT-5(Chemical Engineering Research and Design)
(G. D. Yadav and S. B. Kamble,909:,,1322–1334,Year : 2012)
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Friedel–Crafts green alkylation of xylenes with tert-butanol was investigated in the presence of mesoporous superacidic catalysts named as UDCaT-4, UDCaT-5 and UDCaT-6. The catalysts are modified versions of zirconia showing high catalytic activity, stability and reusability. The catalytic activity is in the order: UDCaT-5 (most active) > UDCaT-6 > UDCaT-4 > sulfated zirconia (least active). Synergistic effect of very high sulfur content present (9% (w/w) S) and preservation of tetragonal phase in UDCaT-5, in comparison with sulfated zirconia (4% (w/w) S), were responsible for higher catalytic activity. The performance of UDCaT-5 in alkylation of xylenes was studied with tert-butanol with reference to selectivity and stability. Alkylation of m-xylene over UDCaT-5 gives 96% conversion of tert-butanol with 82% selectivity towards 5-tert-butyl-m-xylene (5-TBMX) under optimum reaction conditions. The formation of products is correlated with the acidity of the catalyst. The reactions were conducted in liquid phase at relatively low reaction temperatures (130–160 °C). A systematic investigation of the effects of various operating parameters was done to describe the reaction pathway. The reaction was carried out without any solvent in order to make the process cleaner and greener. An overall second order kinetic equation was used to fit the experimental data, under the assumption that both xylene and tert-butanol are weakly adsorbed. An independent study of dehydration of tert-butanol (TBA) was also done. Alkylation of o-xylene and p-xylene with tert-butanol was also studied. The overall process is green and clean.
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Atom efficient Friedel–Crafts acylation of toluene with propionic anhydride over solid mesoporous superacid UDCaT-5(Applied Catalysis A: General)
(G. D. Yadav and S. B. Kamble
, 433–434,,265-274,Year : 2012)
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Friedel–Crafts acylation is ubiquitous in industry and is typically carried out by using more than stoichiometric quantities of homogeneous catalysts. This creates pollution. In this work, acylation of toluene was studied in liquid phase with propionic anhydride with a variety of solid superacids to produce 4?-methylpropiophenone (4?-MPP). The solid superacids were modified versions of zirconia, namely, UDCaT-4, UDCaT-5 and UDCaT-6 developed in our laboratory; amongst which UDCaT-5 was the most active, selective and robust catalyst. The effects of various reaction parameters on the rate of reaction and selectivity were investigated to deduce the intrinsic kinetics of the reaction. The reaction is free from any external mass transfer as well as intraparticle diffusion limitations and is intrinsically kinetically controlled. The acylation conditions were: temperature 180 °C, toluene to propionic anhydride molar ratio 5:1, catalyst loading 0.06 g cm?3, speed of agitation 1000 rpm, under autogenous pressure in a stainless steel autoclave reactor. Propionic acid generated in situ also reacts sequentially with toluene to give 4?-MPP. A conversion of 62% of priopionic anyhydride is obtained after 3 h, with 100% mono-acylated product containing 67% 4?-MPP. Water is the only co-product of the overall reaction. A suitable kinetic model was developed. The reactions were carried out without using any solvent in order to make the process cleaner and greener.
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Chemical Speciation and Source Assignment of Particulate (PM10) Phase Molecular Markers in Mumbai.( Aerosol and Air Quality Research)
(Mihir Herlekar, Abba Elizabeth Joseph,Vol. 12,,1247-1260,Year : 2012)
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Particulate matter (PM10) has emerged as the single most important pollutant across Indian cities, as its levels exceed the regulated standards at most places. PM10 was collected and analyzed at seven sites representing different land use patterns in Mumbai during 2007-08 for organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). OC was further speciated for organic markers, which are useful for identifying sources. Average PAH concentration ranged from 47.84 ± 14.07 to 247.70 ± 163.19 ng/m^3. n-alkanes concentration varied from 157.20 ± 35.28 to 759.13 ± 451.65 ng/m^3. Hopanes and steranes showed the highest concentrations of 94.14 ± 28.66 and 32.64 ± 11.79 ng/m^3 and lowest concentrations of 7.81 ± 2.00 ng/m^3 and 2.83 ± 0.73 ng/m^3, respectively. The values for levoglucosan varied from 0.69 ± 0.46 to 3.23 ± 2.07 ?g/m^3. The percentage contribution of the sum of the concentrations of these compounds to the total organic carbon varied from 1.7-5.1%. The sources contributing to particulate PAHs were identified using diagnostic ratios. Indicators like the Carbon Preference Index (CPI), Cmax and Plant Wax Number (%WNA) were used to identify the relative contributions to n-alkanes from anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. The source apportionment results and also the concentration trends for these molecular markers indicate that anthropogenic sources, especially vehicular exhaust, wood combustion and coal combustion, are mainly responsible for the organic fraction of particulate matter in Mumbai city. The sources identified qualitatively in this work can help in selecting the appropriate source profiles for estimating the quantitative contribution of these sources.
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