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Complexity in hydro-seismicity of the Koyna?Warna region, India(Natural Hazards)
(D.V. Ramana, J. Pavan Kumar, Asha Chelani, R.K. Chadha, M. Shekar, R.N. Singh,77,S109–S1 ,,Year : 2014)
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Koyna–Warna region in western India is known to be the largest case of the reservoir-triggered seismicity in the world with M6.3 earthquake in 1967. This region continues to be seismically active even after 45 years with occurrences of earthquakes up to M5.0. The porous crustal rocks of Koyna–Warna region respond to changes in the prevailing stress/strain regime. This crustal section is highly fractured and is being fed by rivers and reservoirs. It is also subjected to fluctuating plate boundary forces and significant gravity-induced stresses due to crustal inhomogeneities. These changes induce variations in the water level in bore wells before, during and after an earthquake, and their study can help in understanding the earthquake genesis in the region. The ongoing seismicity thus requires understanding of coupled hydrological and tectonic processes in the region. Water table fluctuations are a reflection of the ongoing hydro-tectonics of the region. The fractal dimension of water levels in the bore wells of the region can be used as measure of the nonlinear characteristics of porous rock, revealing the underlying complexity. In this paper, we present values of correlation dimensions of the water level data in the bore wells using the nonlinear time series methodology. The spatiotemporal changes in the fractal dimensions have also been determined. The results show that hydro-seismically the region behaves as a low-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system
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Loss of Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies: An Outlook of Indian Scenario(Conservation Biology)
(Anil, M. N. V., Kumari, K. & Wate, S. R.,32,,105-114,Year : 2014)
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This article provides a brief overview of the recent loss of biodiversity in India. By reviewing the current status of biodiversity in India, areas which need serious attention can be enumerated. There is an urgent need to monitor loss of biodiversity by analysing the situations which lead to extinction of species. It was observed in numerous case studies that major catastrophe’s occurring in develop-ing nations was attributed to loss of biodiversity. All these emphasize for a paradigm shift in the way we approach to tackle the problem. This article tries to focus on the causes which lead to loss of bio-diversity in India. This was achieved by collecting all case studies and reports from scientific jour-nals. A challenge remains, however, in using this information to provide acceptable solutions for ef-fective conservation methods. This review will outline the biodiversity loss in India by classifying data into different categories and provides an overall picture for Indian scenario. In addition, whilst not being a comprehensive review of all the biodiversity loss in India, a number of birds, fauna and flora are included in the review. Conservation strategies adopted so far in India and strategies which have been proposed are discussed at the end
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Development of Irrigation Potential in Malikhedi Sericulture Farm of Ujjain District, M.P(" Technologies for Sustainable Rural Development having Potential of socio-economic upliftment")
(Raghuvanshi Ram, J. P. Shukla, C. Padmakar and R. N. Yadava,377-381,,,Year : 2014)
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"sericulture, particularly mulberry sericulture has attained industry status by involving the landless poor women living in rural india. This activity has been in practice in traditional rearing areas throughout the state of Madhya Pradesh. The existing irrigation potential of the farm has been utilised upto the optimal extent, still there exists a huge gap between supply and demand. On an average it has been estimated that the present irrigation potential should be doubled to meet the crop water requirement. In this regard, an attempt has been made in the present study to understand the aquifer geometry and the development of irrigation potential of mulberry plantation in one of the sericulture farms of Ujjain district using extensive field visits through geological mapping and geo-electrical surveys. After detailed study, the present farm status could be brought to the good category from moderate irrigation potential farm."
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Pretreatment of banana agricultural waste for bioethanol production: Individual and interactive effects of acid and alkali pretreatments with autoclaving, microwave heating and ultrasonication(Waste Management)
(JagdishGabhane, SPM.Prince William, AbhijitGadhe, RitikaRath, Atul N. Vaidya, Satish.R.Wate,34,,498-503,Year : 2014)
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No information is available
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A multifunctional composite of an antibacterial higher-valent silver metallopharmaceutical and a potent wound healing polypeptide: a combined killing and healing approach to wound care(New Journal of Chemistry)
(Sukdeb Pal, Yu Kyung Tak, Eunyoung Han, Sabarinathan Rangasamy, Joon Myong Song,Vol(38),Issue(8),Pages(3889-3898),,,Year : 2014)
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The present study relates to a combined killing and healing approach for the treatment of infected wounds. Herein we report a multifunctional, including antimicrobial and wound healing, composite containing a conjugate of a bi-valent silver polydiguanide that demonstrated high antibacterial activity in vitro and a potent wound healing polypeptide, histatin-1, for the treatment of infected wounds. The synthesis of silver(II) chlorhexidine [Ag(II)CHX] was accomplished by the oxidation of Ag(I), followed by the complexation of the oxidized metal with chlorhexidine (CHX), whereas the metal complex conjugate of the solid phase-synthesized histatin polypeptide (Hst-1), Hst-1-[Ag(II)CHX], was realized by mixing the starting materials in aqueous solution.
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Causes and Remedies For Filamentous Foaming In Activated Sludge Treatment Plant.(Global NEST Journal)
(Khairnar K, Pal P, Paunikar W,Vol 16,,,p 762-772,Year : 2014)
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"This paper reviews the problem of foaming associated with the activated sludge process and its control using various physical, chemical and biological methods. Activated sludge process is widely used for treatment of every type of wastewater like industrial, domestic and municipal wastewater. This process is driven by a complex microbial population, among which some mycolic acid containing bacteria leads to the stable foam formation which ultimately results in poor efficiency of the plants and leading to major environmental, operational, and health problems. A number of researches provide the evidences of foaming in wastewater treatment plants and its control using physical, chemical and biological methods. Current approaches for controlling foam includes operational adjustments, additional structures, controlling dissolved oxygen levels, water sprays, steam application, polymer addition, chlorination and a novel and ecofriendly approach that is treatment of filamentous bacteria with the specific phages. A detailed study of all methods is presented and collectively described in this review paper for a better understanding of the foam controlling strategies. "
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A simple and novel modification of Comet assay for determination of bacteriophage mediated bacterial cell lysis.(Journal of virological methods)
("Khairnar K, Sanmukh S,Chandekar R,PaunikarW ,Volume 203,,, Page 33–38.,Year : 2014)
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The comet assay is the widely used method for in vitro toxicity testing which is also an alternative to the use of animal models for in vivo testing. Since, its inception in 1984 by Ostling and Johansson, it is being modified frequently for a wide range of application. In spite of its wide applicability, unfortunately there is no report of its application in bacteriophages research. In this study, a novel application of comet assay for the detection of bacteriophage mediated bacterial cell lysis was described. The conventional methods in bacteriophage research for studying bacterial lysis by bacteriophages are plaque assay method. It is time consuming, laborious and costly. The lytic activity of bacteriophage devours the bacterial cell which results in the release of bacterial genomic material that gets detected by ethidium bromide staining method by the comet assay protocol. The objective of this study was to compare efficacy of comet assay with different assay used to study phage mediated bacterial lysis. The assay was performed on culture isolates (N=80 studies), modified comet assay appear to have relatively higher sensitivity and specificity than other assay. The results of the study showed that the application of comet assay can be an economical, time saving and less laborious alternative to conventional plaque assay for the detection of bacteriophage mediated bacterial cell lysis.
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Future Prospects of Plasma Treatment technology for disinfection" book chapter no. 10 in 'Emerging Technologies of 21st century' (ISBN: 978-93-83305-33-9)(New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi)
(W. Paunikar, . Sanmukh K. Khairnar, R. Chandekar, C. Khapekar, N. Bokade, U. Pal, R. Prakash, G, Bodhe,,,,Year : 2014)
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No information is available
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"Novel application of bacterial and algal viruses in advancement of molecular biology and for enhancement of bio-fuel production" book chapter no. 14 in 'Emerging technologies of 21st century' (ISBN: 978-93-83305-33-9)(New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi)
(K. Khairnar, W. Paunikar, S.G. Sanmukh,,,,Year : 2014)
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No information is available
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Biosorption of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4+) from aqueous solutions with low cost biomaterials: Kinetics and optimization of contact time(The International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology)
(N Mansuri, Kalpana Mody,,,1711-1722,Year : 2014)
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The biosorption of ammoniacal nitrogen (NNH4 ) from aqueous solutions by dead biomass of brown seaweed Cystoseira indica and Jatropha oil cake (JOC), which is generated in the process of biodiesel recovery from its seeds, was studied under diverse experimental conditions. The N-NH4 biosorption was strictly pH dependent, and maximum uptake capacity of C. indica (15.21 mg/g) and JOC (13.59 mg/g) was observed at initial pH 7 and 3, respectively. For each biosorbent–N-NH4 system, kinetic models were applied to the experimental data to examine the mechanisms of sorption and potential rate-controlling steps. The generalized rate model and pseudo-second-order kinetic models described the biosorption kinetics accurately, and the sorption process was found to be controlled by pore and surface diffusion for these biosorbents. Results of four-stage batch biosorber design analysis revealed that the required time for the 99 % efficiency removal of 40 mg/L N-NH4 from 500 L of aqueous solution were 76 and 96 min for C. indica and JOC, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis before and after biosorption of ammonium onto C. indica and JOC revealed involvement of carboxylic and hydroxyl functional groups.
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Occurrence and distribution of selected heavy metals and boron in ground water of Gulf of Khambhat region, Gujarat, India(Environl Sci Pollut Res)
(D. Upadhyaya, M.D Survaiya, S.Mandal, R. B. Thorat, S. Haldar, H.Dave, K.Baxi, R.H Trivedi and Kalpana Mody,,,3880-3890,Year : 2014)
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The concentration of selected heavy metals, like As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn as well as B, was measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in groundwater samples from various locations in the Gulf of Khambhat (GoK), an inlet of the Arabian Sea in the state of Gujarat, India, during post-monsoon, winter, and pre-monsoon seasons in a year. Most heavy elements are characterized by low mobility under slightly alkaline and reducing conditions; concentrations in confined aquifers are smaller than the maximum permissible values for drinking water. The temporal changes indicate that a majority of metals is entering the aquifer during monsoon. Principle component analysis of the heavy metal data suggests that Co, Cu, Cd, and Zn are interrelated with each other and derived significantly from anthropogenic route, while input of Pb and Cr may be due to atmospheric deposition in the study area. Both weathering of rocks and anthropogenic input were found to be main sources of elements in the groundwater. The heavy metal levels in groundwaters of the GoK region in comparison with some of the European and Asian sites were higher; however, these metal levels were found to be comparable with few urban sites in the world.
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Flow Characterization of Water Bodies: a review(International Journal of COmputing and Technology)
(R.V. Moharir, K. Khairnar, W.N. Paunikar,,,p 1-4 ,Year : 2014)
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No information is available
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Water pollution of Sabarmati River- A Harbinger to Potential Disaster( Environment Monitoring and Assessment)
(Soumya Haldar, Subir Kumar Mandal, R. B. Thorat, Krushnakant Baxi, Navalsang Parmer, Vipul Patel, K.H. Mod
,,,2231-2242,Year : 2014)
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River Sabarmati is one of the biggest and major river of Gujarat that runs through two major cities of Gujarat, Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad and finally meets the Gulf of Khambhat (GoK) in the Arabian Sea. A study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of this river, as it could possibly be one of the major sources for filling up Kalpasar, the proposed man-made freshwater reservoir supposed to be the biggest one in the world. A total of nine sampling stations were established covering 163 km stretch of the river from upstream of Gandhinagar city to Vataman near Sabarmati estuary. Physicochemical (temprature, pH, salinity, chloride, total dissolved solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, phenol, and petroleum hydrocarbons), biological (phytoplankton), and microbiological (total and selective bacterial count) analyses indicated that the river stretch from Ahmedabad-Vasana barriage to Vataman was highly polluted due to perennial waste discharges mainly from municipal drainage and industries. An implementation of sustainable management plan with proper treatment of both municipal and industrial effluents is essential to prevent further deterioration of the water quality of this river.
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Efficient removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions by red seaweed, Kappaphycus alverezii(J Cleaner Prod )
(M Rathod, Kalpana Mody,,,484-493,Year : 2014)
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In the present study, dead biomass of marine macro algae, Kappaphycus alverezii (K. alverezii) was used for the removal of phosphate from water. The effect of different parameters such as contact time, adsorbate concentration, biosorbent dose and temperature was investigated. The biosorption kinetics data were best described by the pseudo-second order rate equation, and equilibrium was achieved after 80 min. The phosphate biosorption was governed by film diffusion process. The maximum phosphate biosorption on K. alverezii was 59.77 mg/g at 25 °C and it followed the Redlich-Peterson model. The biosorption on K. alverezii increased with increasing temperature and was the highest at pH 6.0. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (?G°, ?H° and ?S°) showed that the biosorption of phosphate onto K. alverezii biomass was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic at 15–45 °C. Results suggest that the prepared biomass of K. alverezii has potential in remediation of phosphate contaminated waters.
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Synthesis of acetone reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 composite through simple and efficient chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide for removal of dye from aqueous solution(Journal of Materials Science)
(K Parmar, Isha Patel, ZVP Murthy
,,,6772-6783,Year : 2014)
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A simple and effective technique for reduction of graphene oxide at low temperature (70 °C) using acetone was reported for the first time. Magnetically recoverable acetone reduced graphene oxide (ARGO)/Fe3O4 composite was synthesized by uniformly decorating Fe3O4 on ARGO. The synthesized ARGO/Fe3O4 composite was characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. An organic dye rhodamine 6G was used as an adsorbate for investigating the adsorption characteristics of the composite. The adsorption kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, and equilibrium was achieved within 2 h. Dye adsorption was favored in basic conditions (pH 9–11) and governed by intraparticle diffusion process. The maximum dye adsorption on the composite was 93.37 mg/g at 293 K, and it followed the Langmuir–Freundlich model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (?G°, ?H° and ?S°) showed that the dye adsorption onto composite was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. The ARGO/Fe3O4 composite was easily controlled in magnetic field for desired separation, leading to an easy removal of the dye from wastewater, which holds great potential for dye decontamination.
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Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages infecting nocardioforms in wastewater treatment plant. (Biotechnology Research International)
(Khairnar K*, Pal P, Chandekar RH, Paunikar WN.
,151952.,,,Year : 2014)
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Activated sludge plants (ASP) are associated with the stable foaming problem worldwide. Apart from the physical and chemical treatment methods, biological treatment method has been least explored and may prove to be a novel and ecofriendly approach to tackle the problem of stable foam formation. In ASP Nocardia species are commonly found and are one of the major causes for forming sticky and stable foam. This study describes the isolation and characterization of three Nocardia bacteriophages NOC1, NOC2, and NOC3 for the control of Nocardia species. The bacteriophages isolated in this study have shown promising results in controlling foam producing bacterial growth under laboratory conditions, suggesting that it may prove useful in the field as an alternative biocontrol agent to reduce the foaming problem. To the best of our knowledge to date no work has been published from India related to biological approach for the control of foaming.
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Causes and Remedies For Filamentous Foaming In Activated Sludge Treatment Plant.(Global NEST Journal)
(Pal P
,Vol 16, 4,762-772,Year : 2014)
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No information is available
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Multiple lineages of ancient CR1 retroposons shaped the early genome evolution of amniotes(Genome Biology and Evolution)
(Suh, A., Churakov, G., Meganathan, P. R., Platt, R. N., Jurka, J., Kojima, K. K., Caballero, J., Smit, A. F., Vliet, K. A., Hoffmann, F. G., Brosius, J., Green, R. E., Braun, E. L., Ray, D. A., Schmitz, J.
,,,205-217,Year : 2014)
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Chicken repeat 1 (CR1) retroposons are long interspersed elements (LINEs) that are ubiquitous within amniote genomes and constitute the most abundant family of transposed elements in birds, crocodilians, turtles, and snakes. They are also present in mammalian genomes, where they reside as numerous relics of ancient retroposition events. Yet, despite their relevance for understanding amniote genome evolution, the diversity and evolution of CR1 elements has never been studied on an amniote-wide level. We reconstruct the temporal and quantitative activity of CR1 subfamilies via presence/absence analyses across crocodilian phylogeny and comparative analyses of 12 crocodilian genomes, revealing relative genomic stasis of retroposition during genome evolution of extant Crocodylia. Our large-scale phylogenetic analysis of amniote CR1 subfamilies suggests the presence of at least seven ancient CR1 lineages in the amniote ancestor; and amniote-wide analyses of CR1 successions and quantities reveal differential retention (presence of ancient relics or recent activity) of these CR1 lineages across amniote genome evolution. Interestingly, birds and lepidosaurs retained the fewest ancient CR1 lineages among amniotes and also exhibit smaller genome sizes. Our study is the first to analyze CR1 evolution in a genome-wide and amniote-wide context and the data strongly suggest that the ancestral amniote genome contained myriad CR1 elements from multiple ancient lineages, and remnants of these are still detectable in the relatively stable genomes of crocodilians and turtles. Early mammalian genome evolution was thus characterized by a drastic shift from CR1 prevalence to dominance and hyperactivity of L2 LINEs in monotremes and L1 LINEs in therians.
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Comparative Genomic studies for nderstanding the hypothetical proteins in Pseudomonas phages for understanding their co-evolution with Pseudomonas species(International Science Congress Association(ISCA) )
(K. Khairnar , R. Chandekar, S. Sanmukh, W.N. Paunikar,,,p. 1-113,Year : 2014)
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No information is available
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Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs(SCIENCE)
(Green, R. E., Meganathan P. R., Ray. D. A,346(6215):124449.,,,Year : 2014)
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To provide context for the diversification of archosaurs--the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds--we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians: Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Crocodylus porosus (the saltwater crocodile), and Gavialis gangeticus (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the comparatively rapid evolution is derived in birds. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs, thereby providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs.
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