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Continuous treatability of oily wastewater from locomotive wash facilities by electrocoagulation(Separation Science and Technology )
(T. Sravanth, S.T. Ramesh, R. Gandhimathi, P. V. Nidheesh,,,,Year : 2018)
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The present work focuses on the feasibility of electrocoagulation (EC) process for the treatment of oil and grease wastewater generated from locomotive wash facilities. Experimental investigations have shown the influence of various factors affecting EC using continuous reactor. The effect of various operating parameters, like reaction time, electrode spacing, and applied voltage, was investigated and optimized using Box-Behnken design method. The optimized value of applied voltage and electrode spacing were found to be 28 V and 3 cm, and Chemical Oxygen Demand removal efficiency obtained was 91.9%. As a result, EC process can be an alternative method for the treatment of oily wastewater.
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Optimization of batch electrocoagulation process using Box-Behnken experimental design for the treatment of crude vegetable oil refinery wastewater(Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology)
(Preethi Vijayaraghavan, S. T. Ramesh, R. Gandhimathi, P. V. Nidheesh,,,,Year : 2018)
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The performance of the batch electrocoagulation process for the treatment of real crude vegetable oil refinery wastewater with high COD using sacrificial aluminum anode was explored in this research. Effects of operating factors such as electrolysis time (0–60 min), applied voltage (10–20 V) and electrode spacing (2–4 cm) on the COD removal were investigated. Mathematical model relating these key operating factors and the COD removal was developed using Box-Behnken design. 3-D response surface plots showed that the COD removal significantly increased with increase in electrolysis time and applied voltage till the optimum value. COD removal decreased, when very short or excessive electrode spacing was fixed. Experimental COD removal of 70.8% was attained at the optimized conditions and observed to be in reasonable agreement with the prediction by the Box-Behnken design.
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Stabilized landfill leachate treatment using heterogeneous Fenton and electro-Fenton processes(Chemosphere)
(T. Sruthi, R. Gandhimathi, S. T. Rameesh, P. V. Nidheesh,210,,38-43,Year : 2018)
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In the present study, stabilized landfill leachate treatment by heterogeneous Fenton and electro-Fenton (EF) was carried out. Iron-manganese binary oxide loaded zeolite (IMZ) was used as a catalyst for generating hydroxyl radicals in the acidic medium. Heterogeneous Fenton process was capable of removing 88.6% COD from landfill leachate at the optimal conditions, while 87.5% COD removal was observed at optimal EF treatment conditions. Biodegradability of landfill leachate was increased significantly from 0.03 to 0.52 after Fenton treatment. The prepared heterogeneous catalyst was found reusable with a reduction in COD removal rate. Even though, both the processes are efficient for leachate treatment, the low catalyst dosage requirement in case of EF process justifies that it is more feasible than Fenton process.
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Removal of Organic Pollutants using Peroxicoagulation Process(Environmental Chemistry Letters)
(P.V. Nidheesh,,,,Year : 2018)
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Peroxicoagulation is an electrochemical advanced oxidation processes in which both ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide are generated in the cell. Organic pollutants are thus removed by degradation and coagulation. The peroxicoagulation process is a combination of electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation processes. The peroxicoagulation process is very efficient for the removal of aniline and herbicides from water and for the treatment of landfill leachate and textile wastewaters. Under acidic conditions, electro-Fenton is the predominant removal means, whereas electrocoagulation is the main removal means under neutral and alkaline conditions. As a consequence, pH regulation to acidic conditions is essential for the mineralization of organic pollutants.
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Fly ash toxicity, emerging issues and possible implications for its exploitation in agriculture,Indian Scenario(Chemosphere)
(Hemlata P. Jambhulkar, Siratun Montaha S. Shaikh, M. Suresh Kumar,213,,333-344,Year : 2018)
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Fly ash is considered as an environmental hazard worldwide, since it generally contain organic pollutants, probable toxic metals like Se, As, B, V, Al, Pb, Hg, Cr and radionuclide's Uranium, Thorium. Although fly ash contains toxic substances, it also contains most of the oxides and trace elements. Presence of oxides contributes to its alkaline pH while trace elements provides nutrients for plant growth hence, it is suggested that it can be used in low concentration in agriculture sector as well as a soil conditioner as fly ash improves the physico-chemical and biological properties of contaminated soils. This article presents a review on causes of fly ash toxicities due to organic pollutants, heavy metals, radioactive elements and environmental issues related to its utilization and possibilities of fly ash exploitation in agriculture sector such as phytoremediation, bioremediation, reclamation of wasteland and forestry.
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Composite wastewater treatement by aerated electrocoagulation and modified peroxi-coagulation process(Chemosphere)
(Abhijeet Kumar, P.V. Nidheesh, M. Suresh Kumar,205,,587-593,Year : 2018)
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No information is available
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Performance of Natural Coagulant Extracted from Plantagoovata Seed for the Treatment of Turbid Water(Water Air Soil Pollut )
(S. Dhivya & S. T. Ramesh & R. Gandhimathi & P. V. Nidheesh,228,,423,Year : 2017)
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Abstract Present study investigates the coagulation ability of Plantago ovata (P. ovata)seedextracts for turbidity removal. The active coagulant agents were successfully extracted from P. ovata seeds using different solvents such as distilled water (PO-DW), tap water (PO-TW), NaCl (PO-NaCl), and ammonium acetate (PO-AA). Experiments were conducted in batch mode for initial turbidity such as 500 NTU (high), 150 NTU (medium), and 50 NTU (low). Results demonstrated that P. ovata extracts are less efficient in low turbidities, while PO-NaCl was found to provide high coagulation activity in all initial turbidity concentrations compared to other extracts. PO-NaCl was able to remove 98.2, 94.9, and 80.2% of turbidity from water having in initial turbidities of 500, 150, and 50 NTU, respectively. Coagulation activity of the extract was the best when the extraction was performed for 50 min at room temperature. Jar test procedure with the coagulation time of 1 min and flocculation time of 30 min was optimized, irrespective of the initial turbidity. The optimum settling time for 500, 150, and 50 NTU water samples were 20, 30, and 90 min, respectively. PO-NaCl was used in different pH turbid solutions and it was found to be working very efficiently in alkaline conditions. The coagulation efficiency of the coagulant stored in refrigerator was higher than that stored at room temperature. Thus, the natural coagulants extracted from P. ovata seeds revealed to be effective for turbidity removal.
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Arsenic removal by electrocoagulation process: Recent trends and removal mechanism(Chemosphere)
(P. V. Nidheesh, T. S. Anantha Singh,181,,418-432.,Year : 2017)
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Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a major issue in the present world. Arsenicosis is the disease caused by the regular consumption of arsenic contaminated water, even at a lesser contaminated level. The number of arsenicosis patients is increasing day-by-day. Decontamination of arsenic from the water medium is the only one way to regulate this and the arsenic removal can be ful?lled by water treatment methods based on separation techniques. Electrocoagulation (EC) process is a promising technology for the effective removal of arsenic from aqueous solution. The present review article analyzes the performance of the EC process for arsenic removal. Electrocoagulation using various sacricial metal anodes such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, etc. is found to be very effective for arsenic decontamination. The performances of each anode are described in detail. A special focus has been made on the mechanism behind the arsenite and arsenate removal by EC process. Main trends in the disposal methods of sludge containing arsenic are also included. Comparison of arsenic decontamination ef?ciencies of chemical coagulation and EC is also reported.
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Combined electro-Fenton and biological processes for the treatment of industrial textile effluent: Mineralization and toxicity analysis(Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste (ASCE))
(P. S. Roshini, R. Gandhimathi, S. T. Ramesh, P. V. Nidheesh,214,,,Year : 2017)
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Abstract: The longer time required for complete mineralization in the electro-Fenton (EF) process can be rectified by combining the EF process with a biological method. This paper analyzes textile wastewater treatment by ntegrating EF and biological processes. The removal of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) by the EF process was 63, 48, and 29% respectively. Further treatment of this wastewater by a biological process resulted in removal of 85% of color, 86% of COD, and 56% of TOC. In addition, better mineralization of dyes requires integration of aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. The phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity analysis of the treated wastewater shows that there is a significant reduction of toxicity compared with the raw wastewater. Therefore it is recommended that the combined EF and biological degradation processes be applied in the treatment of textile wastewater for removing color, COD, and TOC effectively.
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Removal of chromium and iron from real textile wastewater by sorption on soils(Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste (ASCE))
(Vandana Sreedharan, K. V. Krithishna, P. V. Nidheesh,214,, 06017002,Year : 2017)
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Abstract: Discharge of textile effluents creates serious environmental problems. This paper investigates the ability of various natural and modified soils to remove heavy metals present in the textile wastewater. Natural soils such as kaolinite, bentonite, and laterite, along with modified soils such as organoclay and biopolymer-amended laterite are considered as the potential adsorbents. Iron and chromium present in the textile wastewater are considered as model pollutants. Batch adsorption studies are carried out to determine the heavy metals sorption capacity of soils. The heavy metals removal efficiency of soils follows the order bentonite > biopolymer amended laterite soil > laterite soil > kaolinite > organoclay. Almost complete removal of heavy metals is observed with bentonite and biopolymer-amended laterite. Therefore soil is determined to be a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from textile wastes.
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Application of cell-based assays for toxicity characterization of complex wastewater matrices: Possible applications in wastewater recycle and reuse. (Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. )
(Shrivastava P, Naoghare PK, Gandhi D, Devi SS, Krishnamurthi K, Bafana A, Kashyap SM, Chakrabarti T.,,,,Year : 2017)
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Exposure to pre-concentrated inlet or outlet STP wastewater extracts at different concentrations (0.001% to 1%) induced dose-dependent toxicity in MCF-7 cells, whereas drinking water extracts did not induce cytotoxicity in cells treated. GC-MS analysis revealed the occurrence of xenobiotic compounds (Benzene, Phthalate, etc.) in inlet/outlet wastewater extracts. Cells exposed to inlet/outlet extract showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS: inlet: 186.58%, p<0.05, outlet, 147.8%, p<0.01) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm: inlet, 74.91%, p<0.01; outlet, 86.70%, p<0.05) compared to the control. These concentrations induced DNA damage (Tail length: inlet: 34.4%, p<0.05, outlet, 26.7%, p<0.05) in treated cells compared to the control (Tail length: 7.5%). Cell cycle analysis displayed drastic reduction in the G1 phase in treated cells (inlet, G1:45.0%; outlet, G1:58.3%) compared to the control (G1:67.3%). Treated cells showed 45.18% and 28.0% apoptosis compared to the control (1.2%). Drinking water extracts did not show any significant alterations with respect to ROS, Δψm, DNA damage, cell cycle and apoptosis compared to the control. Genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis were found to be differentially expressed in cells exposed to inlet/outlet extracts. Herein, we propose cell-based toxicity assays to evaluate the efficacies of wastewater treatment and recycling processes.
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Elevated levels of urinary 17-ketosteroids in central Indian children residing near sewage treatment plant and solid waste disposal plant: A preliminary study, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment(Human and Ecological Risk Assessment)
(Preeti Shrivastava, Priyanka A. Mulay, Pravin K. Naoghare, Preeti Meshram, Mohammad Farooqui, Amit Bafana, Patrizio Arrigo, G. S. Kanade, Saravanadevi Sivanesan, Kannan Krishnamurthi & Tapan Chakrabarti,23 (2),, 241-256,Year : 2017)
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Urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) was assessed in male pre-pubertal subjects aged (8–11 years; n = 90). Children living near sewage treatment plant and solid waste disposal plant (Group P) showed significantly higher levels of urinary 17-KS (Group P: 3.27 ± 1.63 µg/mL/CRE; p < 0.01) than children living in cleaner area (0.50 ± 0.53 µg/mL/CRE; Group C). Occurrence of urinary dibutyl phthalate in representative subjects of Group P (odds ratio: 9; p < 0.05; 95% of Confidence interval (CI) 1.93–72.99) was higher compared to Group C. Urinary concentrations of Cd (0.85 µg/g CRE ± 0.11), Mn (24.25 µg/g CRE ± 6.11) and Pb (12.39 µg/g CRE ± 2.86) in Group P were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those found in Group C (Cd (0.28 µg/g CRE ± 0.03), Mn (13.33 µg/g CRE ± 3.20) and Pb (5.67 µg/g CRE ± 0.53)). Analyses of ambient air samples (PM10) in polluted area revealed major occurrence of phthalates, whereas derivatives of trifluoromethyl, dione, etc. were identified in PM2.5 fraction. Metal (Cd, Co, Mn and Pb) concentrations in ambient air (24 h, PM10) were higher in polluted area compared to cleaner area. We conclude that elevated levels of urinary 17-KS in Group P could be attributed to higher exposure of these subjects to Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) compared to Group C.
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Integration of biomarker approach in pollution monitoring program of aquatic ecosystem(Book Chapter in Biosynthetic technologies and Environmental Challenges)
(Kanchan Kumari
,,,,Year : 2017)
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Water bodies are subjected to a considerable pressure from sewage and industrial wastes. Monitoring methods adopted so far have helped in the assessment level of contaminants in water but not the interaction of these pollutants with living organisms. Water quality testing programmes use two traditional methods for water quality assessment that includes physico-chemical parameters and bio-monitoring. Looking at the limitations of these two traditional methods, a new method known as ‘biomarkers of pollution’ should be adopted. Evaluating various biomarkers in sentinel species can be of great help in environmental monitoring programme as they forecast various risks and hazards associated with the habitats of aquatic animals. Several countries have adopted Biomarkers in their environmental monitoring programmes; however, to make it a routine and well-recognized tool in the water quality monitoring programme, efforts are still required from scientific communities. The major advantage of Biomarkers is that bioavailability or potential exposure to toxicants can be demonstrated which is not possible in chemical analysis. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemical substances that do not degrade easily and persist in the environment and detecting some classes of POPs, for example organochlorine compounds, are very difficult as the limits of detection are very low. With the advancement of analytical methods, these chemicals can be now detected in every environmental matrices but changes caused physiologically in living organisms remains unknown. This limitation can be overcome with the help of biomarkers which can detect whether organisms are exposed meaningfully and the physiology is altered in comparison to normal. Whenever any pollutants enter the biological system, it brings molecular changes and the response time of molecular changes are faster than it appears at community level. This leads the scientific communities to start some research work in this area in order to develop some early warning signal or biomarkers. Measurement of molecular changes at the level of body fluids, cells or tissues reflecting an alteration in normal functioning/magnitude due to the presence of toxicants forms the basis of selection of particular parameter as a biomarker. This chapter presents the importance of various core biomarkers used as diagnostic and prognostic tools to monitor the water quality assessing the risks associated with the health of aquatic biota. This is high time to focus on the biological responses which are more relevant to predict the health status of any aquatic ecosystem before occurrence of any catastrophic events which are unmanageable.
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Emission from Open Burning of Municipal Solid Waste in India(Environment Technology)
(Kanchan Kumari, Sunil Kumar, V. Rajagopal, Ankur Khare & Rakesh Kumari,27:,,1-14,Year : 2017)
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Open burning of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a potential non-point source of emission, which causes greater concern especially in developing countries such as India. Lack of awareness about environmental impact of open burning, and ignorance of the fact, i.e. 'Open burning is a source of emission of carcinogenic substances' are major hindrances towards an appropriate municipal solid waste management system in India. The paper highlights the open burning of MSW practices in India, and the current and projected emission of 10 major pollutants (dioxin, furans, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and 1-hexene) emitted due to the open burning of MSW. Waste to Energy potential of MSW was also estimated adopting effective biological and thermal techniques. Statistical techniques were applied to analyse the data and current and projected emission of various pollutants were estimated. Data pertaining to population, MSW generation and its collection efficiency were compiled for 29 States and 7 Union Territories. Thereafter, emission of 10 pollutants was measured following methodology prescribed in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guideline for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2006. The study revealed that people living in Metropolitan cities are more affected by emissions from open burning.
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Computational Image based Approach to Study the Impact of Industrial Effluent on Groundwater and River Quality in Ballarpur, Maharashtra State, India(International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887))
(Rakhi Nikhade, Abhay Fulke, Shrikant Vyawhare,Volume 87,No.2,,,Year : 2017)
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The water quality is one of the most important criteria to ascertain its suitability for human beings and irrigation. This paper presents the effects of treated industrial waste water effluent on ground water as well as on surface water. The samples were collected from discharge point of treated industrial effluent in the river, upstream and downstream point of river and analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total alkalinity (TA), Total acidity, Total hardness (TH), Chemical oxygen Demand (COD), Total Hardness, Chloride (Cl-), Sulfate (SO4 ) and Sodium (Na). For the analysis of effect of effluent on ground water quality, the tube well water at various distance from Wardha River were also collected. The obtained results were compared with WHO (World Health Organization) and BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) limits. The results show that there is an infiltration of contaminants into the tube wells nearest to the point of discharge.
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Fluoride-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Osteosarcoma Cells: Does It Affect Bone Development Pathway
(Deepa Gandhi, Pravin K. Naoghare, Amit Bafana, Krishnamurthi Kannan & Saravanadevi Sivanesan,,,103-111,Year : 2017)
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No information is available
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Global DNA methylation profiling of manganese-exposed human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells reveals epigenetic alterations in Parkinson's disease-associated genes(Arch Toxicol)
(Prashant Tarale. Saravandevi Sivanesan, Atul P. Daiwile, Reinhard Stoger, Amit Bafana, Pravin K. Naoghare, Devendra Parmar, Tapan Chakrabarti, Krishnamurthi K.,91(7),,2629-2641,Year : 2017)
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Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for optimal functioning of cellular biochemical pathways in the central nervous system. Elevated exposure to Mn through environmental and occupational exposure can cause neurotoxic effects resulting in manganism, a condition with clinical symptoms identical to idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Epigenetics is now recognized as a biological mechanism involved in the etiology of various diseases. Here, we investigated the role of DNA methylation alterations induced by chronic Mn (100 µM) exposure in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells in relevance to Parkinson's disease. A combined analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data for Parkinson's disease-associated genes was carried out. Whole-genome bisulfite conversion and sequencing indicate epigenetic perturbation of key genes involved in biological processes associated with neuronal cell health. Integration of DNA methylation data with gene expression reveals epigenetic alterations to PINK1, PARK2 and TH genes that play critical roles in the onset of Parkinsonism. The present study suggests that Mn-induced alteration of DNA methylation of PINK1-PARK2 may influence mitochondrial function and promote Parkinsonism. Our findings provide a basis to further explore and validate the epigenetic basis of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Graphene based materials supported advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment: A review(Environmental Science and Pollution Research)
(P. V. Nidheesh,24,,27047-27069,Year : 2016)
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Abstract Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) received much attention in the field of water and wastewater treatment due to its ability to mineralize persistent organic pollutants from water medium. The addition of graphene-based materials increased the efficiency of all AOPs significantly. The present review analyzes the performance of graphene-based materials that supported AOPs in detail. Recent developments in this field are highlighted. A special focus has been awarded for the performance enhancement mechanism of AOPs in the presence of graphene-based materials.
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Simultaneous quantitative monitoring of four indicator contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in different water sources of Central India using SPE/LC-(ESI)MS-(Environ Monit Assess)
(MS. Appa R, Mhaisalkar VA, Bafana A, Saravana Devi S, Krishnamurthi K, Chakrabarti T, Naoghare PK.
,190(8),,489. ,Year : 2016)
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Environmental occurrence of CECs poses a great threat to both aquatic life and human health. The aim of this study was to optimize and validate SPE/LC-(ESI)MS-MS method for simultaneous quantitative monitoring of two sub-classes of CECs (pharmaceuticals and hormones) and to estimate the concentrations of select CECs in environmental water samples. For all the tested analytes, recoveries in laboratory reagent water were greater than 81%. Average percent (relative standard deviation) RSD of the analytes in recovery, repeatability, and reproducibility experiments were ≤ 10%. Determination coefficients (r2) of primidone, diclofenac, testosterone, and progesterone were estimated to be 0.9979, 0.9972, 0.9968, and 0.9962, respectively. Limits of detection (LOD) for primidone, diclofenac, testosterone, and progesterone were 4.63 ng/L, 5.36 ng/L, 0.55 ng/L, and 0.88 ng/L, respectively. Limits of quantification (LOQ) for primidone, diclofenac, testosterone, and progesterone were 14.72 ng/L, 17.06 ng/L, 1.766 ng/L, and 2.813 ng/L, respectively. Average recoveries in environmental water and wastewater samples were greater than 74% and RSD were ≤ 7%. Trace levels (68.33-125.70 ng/L) of primidone were detected in four environmental water samples, whereas diclofenac was not detected in any of the tested sample. Trace levels of progesterone were observed in two environmental samples (16.64 -203.73 ng/L), whereas testosterone was detected in STP inlet sample (178.16 ng/L).
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Distillery effluent as a liquid fertilizer: a win-win option for sustainable agriculture (Environmental Technology (United Kingdom))
(Kanchan Kumari
,37 (3). ,,381-7,Year : 2016)
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A promising approach to recycle the residual distillery waste as a potential liquid fertilizer has been discussed in this paper. Field studies were conducted on Brassica compestris to assess the potential of the diluted post- methanated distillery effluent. The results indicated that there was not much variation in pH, conductivity and nitrate of soil, whereas total dissolved solids, conductivity, nitrate and chemical oxygen demand of the well water increased slightly but well within the permissible limit. However, there was a significant increase in the plant biomass, diameter of the shoot and root, area of leaf, as well as number and length of pods and root hairs. The hydrophilic colloids of the seed increased significantly (p < .01) and the yield of mustard seeds was increased by 30% as compared to the conventional fertilizer. The carbohydrate, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content of the leaf, stem and root were also analysed and its morpho- physiological significance is also presented in this paper.
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