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Fate of the persistent organic pollutant (POP) Hexachlorocycloheane (HCH) and reemediation challenges(International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation)
(Vartika Srivastava, Tanmay Srivastava, M. Sursh Kumar,140,,43-56,Year : 2019)
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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are hazards to human health and exhibit harmful effects to the environment, owing to their typically lipophilic and bio-accumulative nature. Chlorinated compounds are most relevant within the classical POPs, which are both toxic and hazardous. Lindane, ‘γ’ isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), is one such organochlorine compound primarily used as a fumigant and an insecticide in agriculture. Due to its continuous use in the past decade throughout the world and severe environmental impacts in terms of toxicity and threats, there is an urgent need to develop cleaning up and remediation strategies for the lindane-contaminated sites. Being electron deficient due to its highly chlorinated nature, the degradation pathway of γ-HCH is previously thought to be generally under anaerobic condition via reductive dechlorination. But both aerobic and anaerobic degradation pathways are suggested for HCH isomers and biodegradation pathway of lindane has been completely elucidated in Sphingomonas paucimobilis UT26. Many bioremediation technologies viz. biostimulation, bioaugmentation, bioreactor systems have been employed so far for the treatment of HCH contaminated soil. However, the potential of these strategies has been tested at the laboratory scale and should be implemented for field-scale treatment of soil and aquatic systems contaminated with lindane and other HCH isomers. This review focuses on the fundamentals about the biodegradation and also various technologies utilized for full-scale remediation of HCH contamination in sediment and soils.
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Environmental Applications of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: 1. Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment
(P. V. Nidheesh, G. DivyapriyaNihal, OturanClement Trellu,Mehmet A. Oturan,,,,Year : 2019)
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Over the past few decades, environmental applications of the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode are reported to be vast and versatile. Applications of BDD electrodes in the field of electrochemical advanced oxidation prodesses (EAOPs) for the abatement of toxic persistent organic pollutants are significant owing to the easy and effective way of treatment This article focuses on highlighting and summarizing the applications of the BDD electrode for the treatment of different synthetic and real wastewaters , such as those involved in pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides/herbicides, dyes, etc. We also review the processes and methodologies involving the synthesis of BDD electrodes and summarize the desirable characteristic features required for the application of EAOPs.
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Environmental Applications of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: 2. Soil Remediation and Sensing Applications( Aerosol and Air Quality Research)
(Clement Trellu, Shampa Chakraborty, P. V. Nidheesh, Mehmet A. Oturan,,,2143-2156,Year : 2019)
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No information is available
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An overview of environmental sustainability in cement and steel production(Journal of Cleaner Production
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(P.V. Nidheesh, M. Suresh Kumar,231,, 856-871,Year : 2019)
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Eco-friendly industrial production is essential to save our environment. The present article reviews the sustainability aspects for steel and cement industries, as both are highly demanding. Carbon dioxide emissions from the steel industry can be reduced effectively by carbon sequestration methods. The generation of by-products from steel can be used as raw materials in manufacturing of paints, cement fertilizers etc. The major challenge in cement production is higher input of raw material and fuel in clinker production. These problems can be rectified by adopting suitable co-processing method. Energy requirement can be reduced by using blended cement with highly efficient clinker cooler, dryer, separators, calciner, pre-calciner and waste heat recovery system.
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Pharmaceuticals and Personal care products in Aquatic Environment: Chemicals of Emerging Concern(Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Waste Management and Treatment Technology)
(R. S. Dhodapkar and Kavita N Gandhi ,,,,Year : 2019)
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No information is available
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Adsorption of an emerging contaminant (primidone) onto activated carbon: kinetic, equilibrium, thermodynamic, and optimization studies( Environment Monitoring and Assessment)
(,,,,Year : 2019)
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The current study addresses the removal of an emerging environmental contaminant (primidone) in batch adsorption experiments using commercial-grade powdered activated charcoal (PAC). The experiments for the removal of primidone were performed to identify the effect of various adsorption parameters. The second-order rate expression best represented the adsorption kinetics data. The Freundlich isotherm equation was best fitted to the experimental adsorption data at equilibrium for removal of primidone using PAC. The values for change in entropy (ΔSo) were positive, which indicates that the degree of freedom of the process increases. The negative values of change in enthalpy (ΔHo) and change in Gibb’s free energy (ΔGo) indicate that the physical adsorption is a dominant phenomenon, and the process is feasible and spontaneous. The negative value of ΔHo also represented the exothermicity of the adsorption process. The Taguchi optimization technique calculated the influence of variation of different process parameters, viz., initial pH (pH0), PAC dosage (m), initial adsorbate concentration (C0), solution temperature (T), and process contact time (t), on the removal of primidone by adsorption from aqueous solution. Each of the above parameters was examined at three levels to study their effects on the adsorptive uptake of primidone using PAC (qe, mg g−1), and the optimum value necessary to maximize qe was determined. The findings from the ANOVA indicate that the PAC dose (m) is the most notable parameter contributing 62.16% to qe and a 71.96% to the signal to noise (S/N) ratio data, respectively. The confirmation experiments performed at the optimum parameter condition validated the applicability of the Taguchi design of experiments. The percent removal and adsorptive uptake at the optimal condition were 86.11% and 0.258 mg g−1, respectively.
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Role of fluoride induced epigenetic alterations in the development of skeletal fluorosis(Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. )
(,,,,Year : 2019)
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Oxidative stress is reported to negatively affect osteoblast cells. Present study reports oxidative and inflammatory signatures in fluoride-exposed human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, and their possible association with the genes involved in osteoblastic differentiation and bone development pathways. HOS cells were challenged with sublethal concentration (8 mg/L) of sodium fluoride for 30 days and analyzed for transcriptomic expression. In total, 2632 transcripts associated with several biological processes were found to be differentially expressed. Specifically, genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, osteoblastic differentiation, and bone development pathways were found to be significantly altered. Variation in expression of key genes involved in the abovementioned pathways was validated through qPCR. Expression of serum amyloid A1 protein, a key regulator of stress and inflammatory pathways, was validated through western blot analysis. This study provides evidence that chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress may be associated with the fluoride-induced impediment in osteoblast differentiation and bone development.
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An overview on the removal of synthetic dyes from water by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(Chemosphere)
(P.V. Nidheesh, M. Zhou, M. A. Oturan
,197,, 210-227,Year : 2018)
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Wastewater containing dyes are one of the major threats to our environment. Conventional methods are insuf?cient for the removal of these persistent organic pollutants. Recently much attention has been received for the oxidative removal of various organic pollutants by electrochemically generated hydroxyl radical. This review article aims to provide the recent trends in the ?eld of various Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs) used for removing dyes from water medium. The characteristics, fundamentals and recent advances in each processes namely anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton, peroxicoagulation, fered Fenton, anodic Fenton, photoelectro-Fenton, sonoelectro-Fenton, bioelectro-Fenton etc. have been examined in detail. These processes have great potential to destroy persistent organic pollutants in aqueous medium and most of the studies reported complete removal of dyes from water. The great capacity of these processes indicates that EAOPs constitute a promising technology for the treatment of the dye contaminated ef?uents.
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Review of zero-valent aluminium based water and wastewater treatment methods(Chemosphere)
(P. V. Nidheesh, Jayraj Khatri, T. S. Anantha Singh, R. Gandhimathi, S. T. Ramesh
,200,, 621-631,Year : 2018)
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Zero-valent metals (ZVM) are widely used to remove heavy metals, contaminants, toxicity, etc. from water and wastewater. Zero-valent aluminium (ZVAl) has large surface area and high surface reactivity. It has enormous ?exibility for the in-situ application. ZVAl can be applied as either a single or a bimetallic system as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). It is observed that ZVAl is capable of generating hydroxyl and sulfate radicals in water medium, which remove non-biodegradable pollutants from aqueous solution. ZVAl-based processes can remove non-biodegradable organic contaminants from water mediumwithin a short duration. ZVAl is also used as a reducing agent. It is eficient to reduce toxic hexavalent chromium to less toxic trivalent chromium. ZVAl, in various combinations in bimetallic system (Fe/Al, Pd/Al, Cu/Al), is able to remove various contaminants from aqueous medium. Overall, it can be concluded that ZVAl-based methods for water and wastewater treatment are promising environmental technologies.
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Removal of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution by electro-Fenton process using iron-doped mesoporous silica as a heterogeneous catalyst(Chemosphere)
(R. Jinisha, R. Gandhimathi, S. T. Ramesh, P. V. Nidheesh, S. Velmathi
,200,,446-454,Year : 2018)
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In the current study, Rhodamine B (RhB) dye was removed by electro-Fenton (EF) process using iron-doped SBA-15 (Fe-SBA-15; SBA: Santa Barbara Amorphous) mesoporous silica as a heterogeneous catalyst. This catalyst was prepared with the help of ferric nitrate nonahydrate as a forerunner by wet impregnation method. Various techniques of characterization such as FTIR studies, XRD, SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms were performed to confirm the presence of iron particles in the pores of the catalyst. These characterization methods were also used to examine the morphological properties and textural arrangement of the synthesized material. In the batch study of EF process, 750 mL working volume of RhB dye was taken. Anode and cathode used in the process were graphite electrodes respectively with effective area of 25 cm2 each. To maximise the process efficiency, the effect of initial pH, applied voltage, electrode spacing, the concentration of supporting electrolyte and Fe-SBA-15 dosage were investigated and optimized. The optimum conditions obtained were pH of 2, voltage of 8 V, an electrode spacing of 3 cm and Fe-SBA-15 dosage of 15 mg L-1 . At the end of 3 h electrolysis, maximum RhB removal of 97.7% and TOC removal of 35.1% were achieved for 10 mg L-1 RhB concentration. In a batch study with real wastewater, 97% of color and 39% of TOC were removed at optimum conditions. Utilization of EF heterogeneous catalyst Fe-SBA-15 is an alternative technique for the elimination of dyes from solution.
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Composite Wastewater Treatment by Aerated Electrocoagulation and Modified Peroxi-coagulation Processes(Chemosphere)
(Abhijeet Kumar, P. V. Nidheesh, M Suresh Kumar
,,, 587-593,Year : 2018)
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Treatment of composite wastewater generating from the industrial estates is a great challenge. The present study examines the applicability of aerated electrocoagulation and modified peroxi-coagulation processes for removing color and COD from composite wastewater. Iron plates were used as anodes and cathodes in both electrochemical processes and experiments were carried out in a working volume of 2 L. Aeration enhanced the efficiency of electrocoagulation process significantly. More than 50% of COD and 60% of color were removed after 1 h of electrocoagulation process operated at pH 3 and applied voltage of 1 V. Eficiency of the modified peroxi-coagulation process was significantly higher than that of aerated electrocoagulation. COD and color removal efficiencies of the modified peroxi-coagulation process were found as 77.7% and 97%, respectively after 1 h of electrolysis operated at 1 V, solution pH 3 and 50 mM hydrogen peroxide addition. This improved eficiency of modified peroxi-coagulation compared to aerated electrocoagulation is mainly due to the attack of in-situ generated hydroxyl radicals.
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Advanced oxidation processes based on zero-valent aluminium for treating textile wastewater(Chemical Engineering Journal)
(Jayraj Khatri, P.V. Nidheesh, T.S. Anantha Singh, M. Suresh Kumar,348,,67-73,Year : 2018)
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Treatment of textile wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on zero-valent aluminium (ZVAl) were carried out in the present study. COD removal efficiencies of ZVAl/O2, ZVAl/Fe3+/O2, ZVAl/Fe3+/O2/H2O2 and ZVAl/Fe3+ /O2/persulfate processes were monitored and optimized. Colour and ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiencies of each process at the optimal operating conditions were compared. Pollutant removal efficiencies of AOPs were followed the order as: ZVAl/Fe3+/O2/H2O2> ZVAl/Fe3+/O2/persulfate > ZVAl/Fe3+/O2> ZVAl/O2. Maximum COD, colour and ammoniacal nitrogen removal e?ciencies of ZVAl-based AOPs were found as 97.9%, 94.4% and 58.3%, respectively at 1 g/L ZVAl, 0.5 g/L Fe3+, 6.7 g/L H2O2 and after 3 h of contact time. External addition of tert-butyl alcohol to the processes revealed that in-situ hydroxyl and sulfate radicals are the main oxidants responsible for the oxidation of pollutants. Overall, ZVAl-based AOPs are efficient for treating effuents generating from textile industry.
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Iron impregnated biochars as heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the degradation of acid red 1 dye(Journal of Environmental Management)
(K.K. Rubeena, P. Hari Prasad Reddy, A.R. Laiju, P.V. Nidheesh,226,,320-328,Year : 2018)
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In the present work, Acid Red 1 (AR1) dye degradation by two heterogeneous Fenton catalysts, namely iron loaded rice husk biochar (Fe-RHB) and coir pith biochar (Fe-CPB) are studied. Biochar prepared from RHB and CPB were sonicated in the presence of ferric nitrate for the synthesis of Fe-RHB and Fe-CPB by incipient impregnation ethod. E?ect of operational parameters such as pH, the dosage of catalyst, H2O2 concentration and temperature were examined. Characterization of the synthesized Fenton catalyst, Fe-RHB and Fe-CPB were analysed by SEM, EDS, XRD and XPS techniques. In Fe-RHB Fenton system, maximum dye removal e?ciency of 97.6% and TOC removal e?ciency of 84.2% were obtained at pH 3 for 50 mg L-1 of AR1 concentration, with 16 mM of H2O2 and 5 g L-1 of catalyst dosage within 120 min reaction time. Similarly, for Fe-CPB, maximum dye removal e?ciency of 99.1% and TOC removal e?ciency of 86.7% were obtained with 16 mM of H2O2 and 4gL-1 of dosage for 50 mg L-1 of initial dye concentration at pH 3. The prepared catalysts can be reused for successive cycles as the catalyst materials are highly stable and have very less iron leaching property.
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Removal of organic pollutants by peroxicoagulation(Environmental Chemistry)
( P.V. Nidheesh
,,,,Year : 2018)
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Peroxicoagulation is an electrochemical advanced oxidation processes in which both ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide are generated in the cell.Organic pollutants are thus removed by degradation and coagulation. The peroxicoagulation process is a combination of electroFenton and electrocoagulation processes. The peroxicoagulation process is very eicient_for the removal of aniline and herbicides from water and for the treatment of landfll leachate and textile wastewaters. Under acidic conditions, electro- Fenton is the predominant removal means, whereas electrocoagulation is the main removal means under neutral and alkaline conditions. As a consequence, pH regulation toacidic conditions is essential for the mineralization of organic pollutants.
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Catalytic ozonation for the treatment of synthetic and industrial effluents - Application of mesoporous materials: A review(Journal of Environmental Management)
(Santosh P. Ghuge, Anil K. Saroha
,211,,83-102,Year : 2018)
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Several industries generate a large amount of effluent containing concentrated refractory organic compounds. Numerous conventional techniques are available for the treatment of the effluent but these techniques have some limitations like less degradation efficiency, more power consumption and unsuitable for high toxicity level. Catalytic ozonation has been receiving great attention in recent years to tackle the limitations of conventional effluent treatment processes. Various materials have been explored as catalysts in the catalytic ozonation to enhance degradation of organic compounds present in the effluent. The present paper includes superficial review of catalytic ozonation studies performed using different catalysts like alumina, activated carbon, ceria etc. The mesoporous materials have unique surface properties such as large surface area, uniform pore sizes and thick pore walls. These surface properties play vital role in facilitating mineralization of refractory organic compounds. The present work aims to review the information available on the use of mesoporous materials in catalytic ozonation. It was observed that mesoporous materials are utilized in only 15 % of the total catalytic ozonation studies published in the literature during the last 12 years (2005-17). The catalytic ozonation studies performed using mesoporous materials have been tabulated in the present work. It has also been observed from the overall review that around 90 % of catalytic ozonation studies are performed for the treatment of synthetic effluent rather than industrial effluent. It is, therefore, needed to study the application of catalytic ozonation for the treatment of industrial effluent. It has been found that nearly half of the reported catalytic ozonation studies for the treatment of industrial effluent are of specific types of industries like textile and petroleum refineries. The catalytic ozonation studies for the treatment of industrial effluent have also been listed in this manuscript. It would be interesting to apply catalytic ozonation involving mesoporous materials for the treatment of effluent of different industries to study its efficiency, applicability and influence of different operational parameters. The authors offer suggestions of treating industrial effluent by catalytic ozonation using mesoporous materials due to their unique textural properties.
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Catalytic ozonation of dye industry effluent using mesoporous bimetallic Ru-Cu/SBA-15 catalyst(Process Safety and Environmental Protection)
(Santosh P. Ghuge, Anil K. Saroha
,118,,125-132.,Year : 2018)
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Catalytic ozonation was employed for the degradation of aqueous solution containing reactive orange4 (RO4) azo dye and textile dye industry effluent using mesoporous bimetallic Ru-Cu/SBA-15 catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized and characterized using BET, SEM, TEM and EDX techniques. The effect of operational parameters like initial solution pH and ozone dose on the degradation of RO4 azo dye was studied. The degradation pathway of the dye solution was investigated using radical scavenger t-butanol. The optimum values of initial solution pH and ozone dose were found to be 9 and 5 g/m3 respectively. A colour removal efficiency of 100% and COD removal efficiency of 70.4% of RO4 dye aqueous solution were obtained at the optimum conditions after 21 min and 60 min of catalytic ozonation respectively. The colour and COD removal pathways were governed by direct ozone molecular and hydroxyl radical mechanism respectively. The bicarbonate ions present in the textile dye industry effluent were found to act as radical scavengers, thereby, lowering the COD removal efficiency significantly. The removal of bicarbonate ions from the effluent prior to its ozonation enhanced the COD removal efficiency from 30.2% to 90% after 4 h of catalytic ozonation.
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Ozonation of Reactive Orange 4 dye aqueous solution using mesoporous Cu/SBA-15 catalytic material(Journal of Water Process Engineering)
(Santosh P. Ghuge, Anil K. Saroha
,23,,217-229.,Year : 2018)
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The catalytic ozonation using mesoporous SBA-15 supported copper catalyst (Cu/SBA-15) was employed for the degradation of reactive orange 4 (RO4) azo dye in aqueous solution. The catalyst was synthesized and characterized using BET, SEM, TEM and EDX techniques. The characteristic results revealed highly ordered mesoporous structure, uniform pore sizes, parallel arranged channels and large surface area for the catalyst. The effects of copper loading on SBA-15, initial solution pH and ozone dose on the degradation of RO4 dye were studied. The complete colour removal from RO4 azo dye aqueous solution was obtained after 21 min of ozonation. The maximum TOC removal efficiency of 86% was obtained at optimum operational conditions of 2% copper loadings, initial solution pH 9 and ozone dose of 5 g/m3 after 60 min reaction time. The degradation pathway of catalytic ozonation reaction was studied by adding t-butanol as radical scavenger and it was found that the presence of radical scavenger had no effect on colour removal efficiency suggesting direct ozone molecular type mechanism. However, TOC removal efficiency was significantly reduced with the addition of t-butanol, thereby, indicating a hydroxyl radical based mechanism. The catalytic ozonation reaction followed pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to RO4 dye concentration. The reusability study for the catalyst suggested a negligible loss in the degradation efficiency after five runs of experiments. The stability of the catalyst was studied by performing leaching experiments which suggested that the catalyst has the potential to be utilized for the degradation of aqueous dye solution.
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Ozonation of Reactive Orange 4 dye aqueous solution using mesoporous Cu/SBA-15 catalytic material(Safety Science)
(Ravi K. Sharma, Bhola R. Gurjar, Akshay V. Singhal, Satish R. Wate, Santosh P. Ghuge, Rajat Agrawal,72,,262-273.,Year : 2018)
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In the recent decades, several fatal accidents have occurred around the world at petroleum storage sites leading to fire, explosion and toxic release scenarios. Such accidents result in huge loss of lives and property, along with widespread environmental damage due to improper coordination and communication in the emergency response. Therefore, emergency response planning is an integral and essential part of the safety and loss prevention strategy and comprises of the actions taken to manage, control and mitigate the immediate effects of an incident. An emergency requires a crystal clear hierarchy of command and organizational-procedural guidelines without any ambiguities. This paper highlights the need, structure and development of an automated networking system, called the electronic-Incident Command System (e-ICS), through case study of the Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) Jaipur storage terminal accident. Based on the previously proposed Incident Command System, e-ICS further strengthens coordination and communication in emergency responses. The response mechanism, through Confirmation, Command, Tactical and Support Nets for vertical and horizontal flow of commands and information has been described. This paper also discusses the importance of the Emergency Operations Center and Emergency Management Computation System in expediting the information flow. Thus, recommendations for improving coordination in crisis management are proposed.
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Passive Solar still: Recent advancement in design and related Performance (Environment Technology)
(Kanchan Kumari
,31,,1-59. ,Year : 2018)
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Present review paper mainly focuses on different varieties of solar stills and highlights mostly the passive solar still with advanced modifications in the design and development of material, single and multi-effect solar still with augmentation of different materials, energy absorbing, insulators, mechanisms of heat and mass transfer to improve the loss of heat and enhance the productivity of solar still. The cost-benefit analysis along with the progressive advancement for solar stills is the major highlights of this review. To increase the output of solar still nowadays, applications of advance modifications is one of the promising tools, and it is anticipated that shortly more vigor will be added in this area with the modifications in designs of solar stills.
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Zero-Valent Aluminium Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Textile Wastewater Treatment(Chemical Engineering Journal)
(Jayraj Khatri, P.V. Nidheesh, T. S. Anantha Singh, M. Suresg Kumar,,,,Year : 2018)
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No information is available
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