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Biodiversity promotion in restored mine land through plant-animal interaction(Journal of Ecosystem and ecography)
(Juwarkar A.A., Singh L, Kumar GP, Jambhulkar HP, Kanfade H & Jha AK,Vol. 6,issue 1, ,p. 1-10,Year : 2016)
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Ecological integrity includes enriched biodiversity, flourishing plant-animal interaction, and dynamic nutrient cycling. The present study examines the ecosystem structure and function of a newly developed ecosystem at a 24 year-old of restoration efforts in manganese mine area, Gumgaon, India. This study was initiated in the year 1988 through microbe assisted green technology (MAGT), which included application of top soil, site specific plantation, organic amendments and addition of soil microbes. The physico-chemical and biological properties of the reclaimed soil were gradually improved during the restoration programme with reference to soil pH, EC, bulk density, porosity, N, P, K, organic carbon, soil microbes, etc. Herbs occupied major ground cover with maximum density, followed by shrubs, trees and climbers. Regeneration capacity of the vegetation also followed the same pattern. An attempt was also made to analyse pollinator web with plant-pollinator interaction, influence of floral distribution on the composition of pollinator communities. The results of the study may help in understanding the linkage between plant and pollinator communities in eco-restoration programme. Four different groups of litter decomposing organisms, viz. microflora (bacteria, fungi, VAM), mircofauna (Nematoda), mesofauna (Protura, Enchytraeidae, Acari, Collembola) and macrofauna (Diplura, Isopoda, Isoptera, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Coleoptera, Earthworms) have been studied. The present study clearly illustrates the sequence of various successional stages of ecosystem development from hostile ecological conditions of mine spoil to fully developed ecosystem and the study demonstrated how a barren land could be converted into a flourishing carbon sink.
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Advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and phorate in aqueous solution(Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination)
(Kavita Gandhi, Summaiya Lari, Dhananjay Tripathi and Gajanan Kanade,6 1 ,,195-203,Year : 2016)
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Photo-chemical-transformations of organophosphate pesticides, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and phorate, using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) namely UV photolysis, UV/H2O2, UV/Fenton and Fenton systems in aqueous solution were investigated in this work. A laboratory set-up was designed to evaluate and select the optimal oxidation process. Results show that addition of hydrogen peroxide/Fenton's reagent increased the UV degradation rates of all pesticides, and data were simulated through kinetic modeling. Kinetic results evidence pseudo first-order degradation, with the rate constant of reaction as 3.3 × 10-4, 2.07 × 10-2 and 1.88 × 10-2 for chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and phorate, respectively. Furthermore treatment efficiencies obtained for the studied AOPs indicate that UV/Fenton was most efficient for chlorpyrifos (50.3% degradation) and UV/H2O2 for dimethoate (96.9%) and phorate (89.6%). Finally, the identification of degradation products indicated that the UV/H2O2 technique results in the formation of fewer end products, with low toxicity. However, UV irradiation of phorate results in information of more toxic degradation end products such as phorateoxonsulfone.
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Chemical characterization of simulated landfill soil leachates from Nigeria and India and their cytotoxicity and DNA damage inductions on three human cell lines(Chemosphere)
(Alimba CG, Gandhi D, Sivanesan S, Bhanarkar MD, Naoghare PK, Bakare AA, Krishnamurthi K.,164,,469-479,Year : 2016)
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Landfill soils are sources of emerging carcinogens, teratogens and mutagens in the environment. There is inadequate information on its possible health risk and cytogenotoxicity. This study evaluated chemical characterization of four simulated landfill leachates with their cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human cells. Hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), lymphoma (Jurkat) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, incubated with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of Aba Eku (AEL), Olusosun (OSL), Awotan (AWL) and Nagpur (NPL) simulated leachates for 24 h, were assessed for cell viability using MTT assay and morphological alterations. DNA damage was also assessed after 24 h treatment of cells with sub-lethal concentrations of the leachates using comet assay. Metals and organic compounds in the soil leachates were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) respectively. The leachates induced significant cytotoxicity in the treated cells with evidence of apoptosis; shrunken morphologies, detachment from the substratum and cytoplasmic vacuolations. Similarly, there was significant DNA damage induced in the treated cells, with increased Olive tail moment, tail length and % tail DNA. Jurkat was the most sensitive (Jurkat > HepG2 > HOS) to the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the leachates. All the analyzed metals except Cd, Fe, Zn and Mn were found at levels lower than standard allowable limits. 32, 17, 23 and 23 different PAHs and PCBs were detected in AEL, AWL, OSL and NPL respectively, at varying retention peak times. These toxic constituents induced the observed cytogenotoxicity in the cells and may suggest possible public health risk.
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Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in Manganese Induced Neurotoxicity(Biomed. Res. International)
(Prashant Tarale, Tapan Chakrabarti, Saravanadevi Sivanesan, Pravin Naoghare, Amit Bafana, and Kannan Krishnamurthi,,,,Year : 2016)
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Manganese is a vital nutrient and is maintained at an optimal level (2.5–5 mg/day) in human body. Chronic exposure to manganese is associated with neurotoxicity and correlated with the development of various neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death has been well established mechanism in manganese induced toxicity. Oxidative stress has a potential to alter the epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation. Epigenetic insight of manganese neurotoxicity in context of its correlation with the development of parkinsonism is poorly understood. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the -synuclein aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies in neuronal cells. Recent findings illustrate that manganese can cause overexpression of -synuclein. -Synuclein acts epigenetically via interaction with histone proteins in regulating apoptosis. -Synuclein also causes global DNA hypomethylation through sequestration of DNA methyltransferase in cytoplasm. An individual genetic difference may also have an influence on epigenetic susceptibility to manganese neurotoxicity and the development of Parkinson’s disease. This review presents the current state of findings in relation to role of epigenetic mechanism in manganese induced neurotoxicity, with a special emphasis on the development of Parkinson’s disease.
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Integrative genomic and proteomic profiling of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells reveals signatures of endosulfan exposure(Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology)
(Deepa Gandhi, Prashant Tarale, Pravin K Naoghare, Amit Bafana, Krishnamurthi Kannan, Saravanadevi Sivanesan,41,,187-194,Year : 2016)
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Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is known to induce multiple disorders/abnormalities including neuro-degenerative disorders in many animal species. However, the molecular mechanism of endosulfan induced neuronal alterations is still not well understood. In the present study, the effect of sub-lethal concentration of endosulfan (3 μM) on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) was investigated using genomic and proteomic approaches. Microarray and 2D-PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed differential expression of 831 transcripts and 16 proteins in exposed cells. A gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes and proteins were involved in variety of cellular events such as neuronal developmental pathway, immune response, cell differentiation, apoptosis, transmission of nerve impulse, axonogenesis, etc. The present study attempted to explore the possible molecular mechanism of endosulfan induced neuronal alterations in SH-SY5Y cells using an integrated genomic and proteomic approach. Based on the gene and protein profile possible mechanisms underlying endosulfan neurotoxicity were predicted.
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Combined heterogeneous Electro-Fenton and biological process for the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate(Journal of Environmental Management)
(Archa Baiju, R. Gandhimathi, S.T. Ramesh, P.V. Nidheesh
,210,,328-337,Year : 2015)
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Treatment of stabilized land all leachate is a great challenge due to its poor biodegradability. Present study made an attempt to treat this wastewater by combining electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) and biological process. E-Fenton treatment was applied prior to biological process to enhance the biodegradability of leachate, which will be bene?cial for the subsequent biological process. This study also investigates the ef?ciency of iron molybdophosphate (FeMoPO) nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst in E-Fenton process. The effects of initial pH, catalyst dosage, applied voltage and electrode spacing on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal ef?ciency were analyzed to determine the optimum conditions. Heterogeneous E-Fenton process gave 82% COD removal at pH 2, catalyst dosage of 50 mg/L, voltage 5 V, electrode spacing 3 cm and electrode area 25 cm 2 . Combined E-Fenton and biological treatment resulted an overall COD removal of 97%, bringing down the ?nal COD to 192 mg/L.
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Individual and Societal Risk Assessment for a Petroleum Oil Storage Terminal(Journal of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste)
(Bhola R. Gurjar, Ravi K. Sharma, Santosh P. Ghuge, Satish R. Wate, Rajat Agrawal,19 (4),,1-9.,Year : 2015)
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This paper presents an assessment of individual and societal risk associated with the effects of explosions and fires in the petroleum oil storage terminal of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Jaipur, India, that occurred on October 29, 2009. Eleven fatalities and a property loss of approximately U.S. $60 million were reported. The maximum risk level at a distance of around 100 m from the release point is 10−4 per year. The next risk level, i.e., 10−5 per year is at a distance of 280 m within the terminal boundary. This paper demonstrates that the individual risk inside the terminal for various categories of personnel is in the range of 10−5 to 10−6 per year. Moreover, F=N curve (where N is the number of fatalities, and F is the frequency of N or more fatalities) indicating societal risk is in the so-called as low as reasonably practicable region. Thus the total risk at the terminal does not lie in the unacceptable region, but in the as low as reasonably practicable region where substantial measures for a risk reduction were needed. The consequences in and around the terminal were high, which might be due to the failure or absence of certain precautionary measures. The paper is useful to assess the fire and explosion risk of a petroleum oil storage terminal to avoid major accidents.
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Natural Vs. reclaimed forests-a case study of successional change, reclamation technique and phytodiversity(Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment)
(Asha A. Juwarkar, Lal Singh, Sanjeev Kumar Singh, Hemalata P. Jambhulkar, Prashant R. Thawale, and Harsha Kanfade,Vol. : 29,issue 6, p. 476-498,Year : 2015)
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The present study accounts for the successional changes that took place in vegetation structure and composition over a time span of 25 years at reclaimed manganese mine site. Adjoining natural forest site was also studied for comparison of floral composition. The results corroborate the fact that as the age of succession increases, the reclaimed area gets invaded by higher successional species leading to an ecologically sound self-sustaining restructured system. This is an indication of the efficacy of the restoration programme. Plant species diversity of reclaimed site was 3.34, 2.81 and 2.12 for herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively, whereas in the adjoining natural forest site (Pench national park, reserved forest), it was 2.74, 1.88 and 2.13 for herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively. Phytodiversity assessments at both sites led to the conclusion that higher values of importance value index (IVI) were obtained for shrubs and herbs at the reclaimed site when compared to the adjoining natural forest site. However, higher values of tree diversity and IVI were associated with the natural forest site than the 25-year-old reclaimed site. This paper compares the composition of flora, species diversity and rapid succession of phytodiversity of a 25-year old reclaimed site with nearby natural reserved forest site. Plant species richness of reclaimed site was 141, 38 and 18 for herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively, as compared to reserved forest site values of 55, 11 and 20 for herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively. Also, this paper evaluates the total and available nutrient, and microbial diversity in both the newly formed ecosystem and the adjacent natural forest site.
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Physico-chemical parameters and correlation coefficients of Ground water of Shahdol District(Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary)
(Tripathi, I.P., A. P. Dwivedi, M. Suresh Kumar and S. S. Gautam,Vol: 122,, 2319-2801,Year : 2014)
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The optimum values of initial solution pH and ozone dose were found to be 9 and 5 g/m3 respectively. A colour removal efficiency of 100% and COD removal efficiency of 70.4% of RO4 dye aqueous solution were obtained at the optimum conditions after 21 min and 60 min of catalytic ozonation respectively. The colour and COD removal pathways were governed by direct ozone molecular and hydroxyl radical mechanism respectively.
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Physico-chemical characteristics of soil in Shahdol District of Vindhya Platue(Journal of Applicable Chemistry)
(Tripathi, I.P., Arving P. D and M. Suresh Kumar,Vol: 3(3),, 1155-1164,Year : 2014)
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The bicarbonate ions present in the textile dye industry effluent were found to act as radical scavengers, thereby, lowering the COD removal efficiency significantly. The removal of bicarbonate ions from the effluent prior to its ozonation enhanced the COD removal efficiency from 30.2% to 90% after 4 h of catalytic ozonation.
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Assessment of Ground Water Quality in Umaria District, Vindhya Pradesh, India(Journal of Applicable Chemistry)
(Tripathi, I.P., Arvind P. D and M. Suresh Kumar
,Vol:3 (2),,798-811.,Year : 2014)
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The Physico-chemical analysis of ground water samples from eight hand pumps in 3 tehsil, 2 crop field and 3 village place of the Umaria district under Vindhya Pradesh, M.P. India results indicated that during the seasons (rainy, winter and summer). The samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, sulphate, phosphate and heavy metals. The ground water samples from all the location in the Umaria District are found to be within the prescribed limits as physico-chemical characteristics are concerned except sulphates concentration. The content of Cd and Cu in the analyzed water samples were below the permissible limit set by BIS (1992) as 1.5 and 0.01 mg L-1 The mean values of each parameters together with its standard deviation (SD) and coefficient variation (CV) were calculated. The present study deals with the various relationship derived statistically by calculation 'r' and 't' among the physico-chemical parameters.
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Concentration of Cr,Pb, Ni, Cu and Fe in soil of Umaria District, Vindhya Platue,India(Research Analysis and Evaluation Journal)
(Tripathi, I.P., Kumar M. Suresh and Dwivedi, A.P.,Vol:5(52) ,,28-32.,Year : 2014)
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The pollution of soil is a source of danger to the health of people, even to those living in district. Soil samples collected from eight different locations and analyzed for the physical properties, chemical properties and heavy metals contents in it. The aims of this study were to determine the content of chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Cupper (Cu) and Iron (Fe) in eight samples from Umaria district Vindhya Platue. Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu and Iron are below the SQGL value during all the season.
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The applicability of oxidative stress biomarkers in assessing chromium induced toxicity in the fish, Labeo rohita(Biomed. Res. International)
(Kanchan Kumari,Vol. 2014 ,,,Year : 2014)
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The evaluation of metal’s toxicity in freshwater is one of the imperative areas of research and there is an emergent concern on the development of techniques for detecting toxic effects in aquatic animals. Oxidative stress biomarkers are very useful in assessing the health of aquatic life and more in depth studies are necessary to establish an exact cause effect relationship. Therefore, to study the effectiveness of this approach, a laboratory study was conducted in the fish Labeo rohita as a function of hexavalent chromium and the toxicity indices using a battery of oxidative stress biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver, muscle, gills, and brain have been studied along with biometric parameters, behavioral changes, and Cr bioaccumulation. A significant increased HSI was observed in contrast to CF which reduced significantly. SOD, CAT, and GR activity increased significantly in all the tissues of treated fishes. The bioaccumulation of Cr was highest in liver followed by gills, muscle, and brain. This study highlights the significance of using a set of integrated biomarker and advocate to include these parameters in National Water Quality Monitoring Program in areas potentially polluted with metals to assess the health of the ecosystem.
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Investigation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in old consumer products in India(Env. Monitoring and Assessment)
(Kanchan Kumari,186(5),,3001-9,Year : 2014)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used extensively over the past 3 decades as flame retardants in most types of polymers, all over the world, have been identified as global pollutants. PBDEs pose various health problems such as thyroid hormone disruption, permanent learning and memory impairment, behavioral changes, hearing deficits, delayed puberty onset, fetal malformations, and possibly cancer. Many measurements of PBDEs in various matrices from Sweden, Holland, Japan, the USA, and elsewhere have been reported, but few measurements are available for India. In this study, a preliminary screening of different congeners of PBDEs has been performed in different old electronic and consumer products with an objective to build capacity in order to analyze PBDEs and BFRs. Six different samples, foam from upholstery, motherboard of a computer, children toy composite sample, old vanishing window blind sample, electrical wire sample, and PVC flooring sample, were collected and analyzed for the presence of the following PBDE congeners: BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209. It was found that three out of six samples were positive for the presence of PBDEs. Three congeners were detected in the samples, i.e., BDE-47, BDE-153, and BDE-209, of which, highest concentration was of BDE-209. Among the samples, motherboard of computer showed the highest concentration of BDE-209 followed by window blind and foam from upholstery. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that PBDEs are still present in the old consumer products which can be an important additional source of exposure to the population.
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Comparison of pesticide residues in surface water and ground water of agriculture intensive areas(Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering)
(Summaiya Z Lari, Noor A Khan, Kavita N Gandhi, Tejal S Meshram and Neeta P Thacker,Vol. 12:11,,,Year : 2014)
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The organochlorines (OClPs) and organophosphates (OPPs) pesticides in surface and ground water having intensive agriculture activity were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution and risks on human health. As per USEPA 8081 B method, liquid-liquid extraction followed by Gas-Chromatographic technique with electron capture detector and mass selective detector (GC-MS) were used for monitoring of pesticides. Among organochlorines, α,β,γ,δ HCH’s, aldrin, dicofol, DDT and its derivatives, α,β endosulphan’s and endosulphan-sulphate were analysed; dichlorovos, ethion, parathion-methyl, phorate, chlorpyrifos and profenofos were determined among organophosphates. As compared to ground water, higher concentrations of OClPs and OPPs were found in surface water. Throughout the monitoring study, α - HCH (0.39 μg/L in Amravati region),α - endosulphan (0.78 μg/L in Yavatmal region), chlorpyrifos (0.25 μg/L in Bhandara region) and parathion-methyl (0.09 μg/L in Amravati region) are frequently found pesticide in ground water, whereas α,β,γ-HCH (0.39 μg/L in Amravati region), α,β - endosulphan (0.42 μg/L in Amravati region), dichlorovos (0.25 μg/L in Yavatmal region), parathion-methyl (0.42 μg/L in Bhandara region), phorate (0.33 μg/L in Yavatmal region) were found in surface water. Surface water was found to be more contaminated than ground water with more number of and more concentrated pesticides. Among pesticides water samples are found to be more contaminated by organophosphate than organochlorine. Pesticides in the surface water samples from Bhandara and Yavatmal region exceeded the EU (European Union) limit of 1.0 μg/L (sum of pesticide levels in surface water) but were within the WHO guidelines for individual pesticides.
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Photoelectro-peroxone process for the degradation of reactive azo dye in aqueous solution(Separation Science and Technology )
(Alphonsa C. Joy, R. Gandhimathi, S.V. Niveditha, S. T. Ramesh, P. V. Nidheesh,,,,Year : )
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This study evaluated the degradation of reactive yellow F3R (RY F3R) dye by photoelectro-peroxone (PEP) process. The study showed that the PEP gave 97.66% colour and 84.64% TOC removals at 1.176 h−1 which were 14 and 1.4 times greater than photolysis and electro-peroxone processes, respectively. Quenching experiment showed that hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen were predominant oxidizing species in RY F3R degradation. In addition, results of the colour and TOC removal by the application of PEP to real field textile wastewater showed that PEP offer an efficient and propitious technology for organic pollutant degradation
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